Supercomputers are used for highly calculation-intensive tasks such as problems involving quantum mechanical physics, weather forecasting, climate research (including research into global warming), molecular modelling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), physical simulations (such as simulation of aeroplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion), cryptanalysis, and the like. Major universities, military agencies and scientific research laboratories are heavy users. This book presents the latest research in the field from around the world.

Supercomputers play a significant and growing role in a variety of areas important to the nation. They are used to address challenging science and technology problems. In recent years, however, progress in supercomputing in the United States has slowed. The development of the Earth Simulator supercomputer by Japan that the United States could lose its competitive advantage and, more importantly, the national competence needed to achieve national goals. In the wake of this development, the Department of Energy asked the NRC to assess the state of U.S. supercomputing capabilities and relevant R&D. Subsequently, the Senate directed DOE in S. Rpt. 107-220 to ask the NRC to evaluate the Advanced Simulation and Computing program of the National Nuclear Security Administration at DOE in light of the development of the Earth Simulator. This report provides an assessment of the current status of supercomputing in the United States including a review of current demand and technology, infrastructure and institutions, and international activities. The report also presents a number of recommendations to enable the United States to meet current and future needs for capability supercomputers.

"This book offers a variety of perspectives and summarize the advances of control flow and data flow super computing, shedding light on selected emerging big data applications needing high acceleration and/or low power"--

The Committee on the Future of Supercomputing was tasked to assess prospects for supercomputing technology research and development in support of U.S. needs, to examine key elements of context-the history of supercomputing, the erosion of research investment, the changing nature of problems demanding supercomputing, and the needs of government agencies for supercomputing capabilities-and to assess options for progress. This interim report establishes context-including the history and current state of supercomputing, application requirements, technology evolution, the socioeconomic context-to identify some of the issues that may be explored in more depth in the second phase of the study.

Every day we need to solve large problems for which supercomputers are needed. High performance computing (HPC) is a paradigm that allows to efficiently implement large-scale computational tasks on powerful supercomputers unthinkable without optimization. We try to minimize our effort and to maximize the achieved profit. Many challenging real world problems arising in engineering, economics, medicine and other areas can be formulated as large-scale computational tasks. The volume is a comprehensive collection of extended contributions from the High performance computing conference held in Borovets, Bulgaria, September 2019. This book presents recent advances in high performance computing. The topics of interest included into this volume are: HP software tools, Parallel Algorithms and Scalability, HPC in Big Data analytics, Modelling, Simulation & Optimization in a Data Rich Environment, Advanced numerical methods for HPC, Hybrid parallel or distributed algorithms. The volume is focused on important large-scale applications like Environmental and Climate Modeling, Computational Chemistry and Heuristic Algorithms.

The Chemical Sciences Roundtable provides a forum for discussing chemically related issues affecting government, industry and government. The goal is to strengthen the chemical sciences by foster communication among all the important stakeholders. At a recent Roundtable meeting, information technology was identified as an issue of increasing importance to all sectors of the chemical enterprise. This book is the result of a workshop convened to explore this topic.