The ordinary differential equation of second order is being used in many engineering disciplines and sciences to model many real-life problems. These problems are mostly uncertain, vague and incomplete and thus they require some more advanced tool for modelling. Neutrosophic logic becomes the solution of all these kind of uncertain problems as it describe the conditions of uncertainty which occurs during the process of modelling on the basis of grade of membership of truth values, indeterminacy values and falsity values, that means it consider all the uncertain parameters on the basis of these degrees. In this research paper, we have considered the ordinary differential equation of second order with neutrosophic numbers as initial conditions of spring mass system is solved using Sumudu transform method which has advantage of unit preserving property over the well established Laplace Transform method. The solution obtained at various computational points by this method is shown in the form of table. Furthermore, the results obtained at different (α, β, γ)-cut and time values are also depicted graphically and are verified analytically by de-fuzzifying the data.

“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that studies the origin, nature, and scope of neutralities, as well as their interactions with different ideational spectra. This theory considers every notion or idea together with its opposite or negation and with their spectrum of neutralities in between them (i.e. notions or ideas supporting neither nor ). The and ideas together are referred to as . Neutrosophy is a generalization of Hegel's dialectics (the last one is based on and only). According to this theory every idea tends to be neutralized and balanced by and ideas - as a state of equilibrium. In a classical way , , are disjoint two by two. But, since in many cases the borders between notions are vague, imprecise, Sorites, it is possible that , , (and of course) have common parts two by two, or even all three of them as well. Neutrosophic Set and Neutrosophic Logic are generalizations of the fuzzy set and respectively fuzzy logic (especially of intuitionistic fuzzy set and respectively intuitionistic fuzzy logic).

“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc.

Fuzzy sets have long been employed to handle imprecise and uncertain information in the real world, but their limitations in dealing with incomplete and inconsistent data led to the emergence of neutrosophic sets. In this thought-provoking book, titled Data-Driven Modelling with Fuzzy Sets: A Neutrosophic Perspective, the authors delve into the theories and extensive applications of neutrosophic sets, ranging from neutrosophic graphs to single-valued trapezoidal neutrosophic sets and their practical implications in knowledge management, including student learning assessment, academic performance evaluation, and technical article screening. This comprehensive resource is intended to benefit mathematicians, physicists, computer experts, engineers, scholars, practitioners, and students seeking to deepen their understanding of neutrosophic sets and their practical applications in diverse fields. This book comprises 11 chapters that provide a thorough examination of neutrosophic set theory and its extensions. Each chapter presents valuable insights into various aspects of data-driven modeling with neutrosophic sets and explores their applications in different domains. The book covers a wide range of topics. The specific topics covered in the book include neutrosophic submodules, applications of neutrosophic sets, solutions to differential equations with neutrosophic uncertainty, cardinalities of neutrosophic sets, neutrosophic cylindrical coordinates, applications to graphs and climatic analysis, neutrosophic differential equation approaches to growth models, neutrosophic aggregation operators for decision making, and similarity measures for Fermatean neutrosophic sets. The diverse contributions from experts in the field, coupled with the constructive feedback from reviewers, ensure the book's high quality and relevance. This book presents a qualitative assessment of big data in the education sector using linguistic quadripartitioned single-valued neutrosophic soft sets showcases application of n-cylindrical fuzzy neutrosophic sets in education using neutrosophic affinity degree and neutrosophic similarity index covers scientific evaluation of student academic performance using single-valued neutrosophic Markov chain illustrates multi-granulation single-valued neutrosophic probabilistic rough sets for teamwork assessment examines estimation of distribution algorithms based on multiple-attribute group decision-making to evaluate teaching quality With its wealth of knowledge, this book aims to inspire further research and innovation in the field of neutrosophic sets and their extensions, providing a valuable resource for scholars, practitioners, and students alike.

This book may be used as reference for graduate students interested in fuzzy differential equations and researchers working in fuzzy sets and systems, dynamical systems, uncertainty analysis, and applications of uncertain dynamical systems. Beginning with a historical overview and introduction to fundamental notions of fuzzy sets, including different possibilities of fuzzy differentiation and metric spaces, this book moves on to an overview of fuzzy calculus thorough exposition and comparison of different approaches. Innovative theories of fuzzy calculus and fuzzy differential equations using fuzzy bunches of functions are introduced and explored. Launching with a brief review of essential theories, this book investigates both well-known and novel approaches in this field; such as the Hukuhara differentiability and its generalizations as well as differential inclusions and Zadeh’s extension. Through a unique analysis, results of all these theories are examined and compared.

Transform methods provide a bridge between the commonly used method of separation of variables and numerical techniques for solving linear partial differential equations. While in some ways similar to separation of variables, transform methods can be effective for a wider class of problems. Even when the inverse of the transform cannot be found ana

This book contains new and useful materials concerning fuzzy fractional differential and integral operators and their relationship. As the title of the book suggests, the fuzzy subject matter is one of the most important tools discussed. Therefore, it begins by providing a brief but important and new description of fuzzy sets and the computational calculus they require. Fuzzy fractals and fractional operators have a broad range of applications in the engineering, medical and economic sciences. Although these operators have been addressed briefly in previous papers, this book represents the first comprehensive collection of all relevant explanations. Most of the real problems in the biological and engineering sciences involve dynamic models, which are defined by fuzzy fractional operators in the form of fuzzy fractional initial value problems. Another important goal of this book is to solve these systems and analyze their solutions both theoretically and numerically. Given the content covered, the book will benefit all researchers and students in the mathematical and computer sciences, but also the engineering sciences.