First published in 1990. Sulfur containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (thiaarenes) play a potentially important role in environmentally induced cancers. The main sources of these compounds being fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and shale oils from which they are released either directly or via combustion into the environment. Information on the specific contribution of thiaarenes to the mutagenic and carcinogenic potencies of environmental matter is very limited but this book gives credit to new and exciting data in this field. Our present knowledge of the occurrence, chemical and physical properties, analysis, synthesis, toxicology and biochemistry of the sulfur containing aromatic compounds is summarized in this volume. The first half of the book covers all aspects of chemistry and carcinogenicity, whilst the remainder summarizes information on the various thiaarene systems, compound by compound. This volume will provide a valuable source of reference for chemists, ' toxicologists, biologists and environmentalists working in cancer research institutes and universities and for research scientists working in the areas of pollution monitoring, public health and fuel chemistry.

This 1991 volume was the first to review the chemical properties of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Environmental Chemistry is a relatively young science. Interest in this subject, however, is growing very rapidly and, although no agreement has been reached as yet about the exact content and limits of this interdisciplinary discipline, there appears to be increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the first objectives of Environ mental Chemistry must be the study of the environment and of natural chemical processes which occur in the environment. A major purpose of this series on Environmental Chemistry, therefore, is to present a reasonably uniform view of various aspects of the chemistry of the environment and chemical reactions occurring in the environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new dimension to Environ mental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and described over five million chemical compounds and chemical industry produces about hundred and fifty million tons of synthetic chemicals annually. We ship billions of tons of oil per year and through mining operations and other geophysical modifications, large quantities of inorganic and organic materials are released from their natural deposits. Cities and metropolitan areas of up to 15 million inhabitants produce large quantities of waste in relatively small and confined areas. Much of the chemical products and waste products of modern society are released into the environment either during production, storage, transport, use or ultimate disposal. These released materials participate in natural cycles and reactions and frequently lead to interference and disturbance of natural systems.

This volume provides documentations for the established MAK values (maximum workplace concentrations) of selected occupational toxicants, including an authoritative review of the available toxicological studies and data. For each substance, the toxic effects, mechanisms and modes of action, toxicogenetics and metabolism, effects in man and animals are described. In addition, the carcinogenic, germ-cell mutagenic, sensitizing or skin-resorptive effects as well as their toxicity to the reproductive system are evaluated, plus basic physico-chemical data are provided. The documentations are thus not only essential for the application of MAK values but also provide a concise toxicological overview for each substance.

Quality assurance (QA) for environmental analysis is a growing feature of the nineties as is illustrated by the number of QA guidelines and systems which are being implemented nowadays. There is, however, often a huge gap between the implementation and respect of QA guidelines and the technical approach undertaken to improve and validate new analytical methods. This is particularly true for complex determinations involving multi-step methodologies such as those used in speciation and organic analyses.Quality assurance may also be considered from the technical point of view, which is the focus of this book. The techniques used in different analytical fields (inorganic, speciation and organic analysis) are critically reviewed (i.e. discussion of advantages and limitations) and existing tools for evaluating their performance are described (e.g. interlaboratory studies, use of certified reference materials). Particular reference is made to the activities of the Measurements and Testing Programme (BCR) of the European Commission towards the improvement of quality control of environmental analysis.The book has been written by experienced practitioners. By its nature, it serves as a practical reference for postgraduate students and environmental chemists who need a wide overview of the techniques used in environmental analysis and existing ways of evaluating the performance of relevant analytical methods. The critical discussions of the methods described, as well as the development of quality assurance aspects, makes it unique.

"Environmental Analysis" covers a compilation of analytical methods for the determination of a wide range of environmental priority pollutants, including amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, phenols, PCBs, and also including organometallic species, polycyclic aromatic sulphur heterocycles and metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For all environmental pollutants, an overview and an assessment of value of a broad range of relevant methods including conventional techniques but also of advanced separation and sample preparation techniques given, with all possible matrices being considered. This book does not only give up-to-date material on sampling and sample pre-treatment, extraction techniques, clean-up, pre-fractionation, different types of chromatographic methods and quality assurance, but also information on actual and upcoming analytical problems, such as the determination of polycyclic aromatic sulphur heterocycles and of metabolites of PAH. The final chapter is devoted to the important role of analytic separation methods in water quality control. Experienced and well-known authors have contributed their knowledge and expertise to individual chapters.