Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems The first and only comprehensive text on substrate-integrated mmW antenna technology, state-of-the-art antenna design, and emerging wireless applications Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems elaborates the most important topics related to revolutionary millimeter-wave (mmW) technology. Following a clear description of fundamental concepts including substrate-integrated waveguides and loss analysis, the text treats key design methods, prototyping techniques, and experimental setup and testing. The authors also highlight applications of mmW antennas in 5G wireless communication and next-generation radar systems. Readers are prepared to put techniques into practice through practical discussions of how to set up testing for impedance matching, radiation patterns, gain from 24GHz up to 325 GHz, and more. This book will bring readers state-of-the-art designs and recent progress in substrate-integrated mmW antennas for emerging wireless applications. Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems is the first comprehensive text on the topic, allowing readers to quickly master mmW technology. This book: Introduces basic concepts such as metamaterials Huygens's surface, zero-index structures, and pattern synthesis Describes prototyping in the form of fabrication based on printed-circuit-board, low-temperature-co-fired-ceramic and micromachining Explores applications for next-generation radar and imaging systems such as 24-GHz and 77-GHz vehicular radar systems Elaborates design methods including waveguide-based feeding network, three-dimensional feeding structure, dielectric loaded aperture antenna element, and low-sidelobe synthesis The mmW is one of today’s most important emerging technologies. This book provides graduate students, researchers, and engineers with the knowledge they need to deploy mmW systems and develop new antenna designs with low cost, low loss, and low complexity.

Antennas those operating at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies (30 - 300 GHz) are more advantageous than operating at less than 6 GHz, due to a reduction in antenna physical dimensions, an increase in the data transfer rate, and reduction in latency. However, the electromagnetic waves propagating in free space at mm-wave frequencies experience significant propagation path loss due to the atmospheric absorption and rain attenuation. Therefore, high-gain antennas are preferred to compensate for path loss and to increase the range of wireless communication. Also, transmission lines such as microstrip, and coplanar waveguides incur high radiation losses at mm-wave frequencies. Hence, to minimize losses, a planar waveguide known as a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is preferred. Besides, at mm-wave frequencies, circularly polarized (CP) waves are preferred over linearly polarized (LP) waves as these waves reduce multi-path effects at the receiver. The objectives of this thesis are to design high-gain linearly, and circularly polarized antennas based on SIW at the mm-wave frequency 30 GHz. The proposed antenna models were designed, simulated, and analyzed using CST software. The antenna prototypes were fabricated and measured for the reflection coefficient, gain, and principal plane radiation patterns. In this thesis, we are proposing two single element antennas, a linear to circular wave polarizer, and an array antenna. At first, we present, a planar, cylindrical sector-substrate integrated waveguide (CS-SIW) narrow slot antenna. The impedance bandwidth of this antenna is 10.87% which is approximately equivalent to 4 GHz of bandwidth at 30 GHz, and the antenna gain ranges from 8.33 to 8.84 dB within the impedance bandwidth. Further, to improve the gain, an engineered substrate is constructed on top of the CS-SIW slot antenna. The impedance bandwidth of the modified antenna is 10.42% - also, the gain ranges from 10.5 to 11.44 dB over the impedance bandwidth, which implies an increase in the gain from 2.1 to 2.7 dB when compared with the gain of CS-SIW slot antenna. Also, we propose a three-layered meander-line polarizer at 30 GHz which transforms linearly polarized waves to circularly polarized waves for the CS-SIW slot antenna. Lastly, we present, a 1 × 8 CS-SIW slot antenna array with a superstrate to achieve a high-gain LP antenna. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 10%. The gain of the array antenna integrated with a superstrate layer varies from 21.35 to 22.95 dB over the impedance bandwidth.

Recently, there has been increasing interest and rapid growth in millimeter wave (MMW) antennas and devices for use in diverse applications, services and technologies such as short-range communication, future mm-wave mobile communication for the fifth generation (5G) cellular networks, and sensor and imaging systems. Due to the corresponding smaller wavelength, mm-wave frequencies offer the advantage of physically smaller antennas and circuits as well as the availability of much wider bandwidth compared to microwave frequencies. It is important to design millimeter wave antennas with high gain characteristics due to their high sensitivity towards atmospheric absorption losses. Moreover, millimeter wave antennas can have wide bandwidth and are suitable for applications in large frequency range. In this thesis, planar antennas are designed using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology to have low losses, high quality factor, and low fabrication cost. Firstly, an antipodal fermi linear tapered slot antenna (AFLSTA) with sine corrugations at the side edges at 32.5 GHz is presented, which has a wide impedance bandwidth greater than 30 %, in order to support the high data rate channels. This antenna has a high gain of 12.6 dB and low side lobe levels (better than - 17 dB) in both E and H planes. This antenna is studied and analyzed in array and beamforming configurations to meet requirements of millimeter wave applications. In order to obtain high gain and narrow beamwidth pattern, a 1 × 8 AFLTSA array using SIW power divider network is presented. The design characteristics of the power divider network are presented in this thesis, which help in calculating the performance characteristics of this array structure. This array has an acceptable bandwidth of 14.7 % (30-35 GHz) with high gain of 20.4 dB and 8.35° 3 dB beamwidth. The side lobe levels are also improved using this SIW power divider network and are lower than -25 dB in E-plane and -15 dB in H-plane respectively. This antenna has a radiation efficiency greater than 93% over the whole bandwidth. The second research theme is beamforming of AFLTSA antenna. This beamforming is performed using multi-beam antenna concept in which the beam is rotated with a help of compact beamforming network and excitation from different input ports. The design methodology for 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 subarray beamforming networks is presented along with their current distributions illustrating the beamforming process. These subarrays possess wide impedance bandwidth between 29-36 GHz. Moreover, these subarrays are able to achieve gain between 12-15 dB with narrow beamwidth reaching till 11°. All the results along with the numerical data is presented in this thesis. This antenna is suitable candidate for millimeter wave wireless communications and imaging systems.

Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is a twenty-first century transmission line that has evolved recently to open new doors to the development of efficient circuits and devices operating in the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency range. Microstrip circuits and devices are inefficient at high frequency applications and require very stringent manufacturing tolerances when used to implement microwave and millimeter-wave components. This is as a result of the fact that wavelengths are short at higher frequencies. Waveguide circuits and devices are preferred for higher frequency applications, but they are expensive and difficult to manufacture. It is also very challenging to integrate a waveguide device with planar devices in its vicinity. The SIW bridges the gap between the traditional air-filled waveguide and planar transmission lines such as microstrip. Practical Approach to Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Diplexer: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that discusses the development of efficient circuits and devices operating in the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency range through the use of substrate integrated waveguides. Featuring research on topics such as microstrip resonators, circuit model analysis, and quality factor extraction, this book is ideally designed for researchers, engineers, scientists, developers, scholars, practitioners, educators, policymakers, and students.

Substrate Integrated Antennas and Arrays provides a single source for cutting-edge information on substrate integrated circuits (SICs), substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding networks, SIW slot array antennas, SIC traveling-wave antennas, SIW feeding antennas, SIW monopulse antennas, and SIW multibeam antennas. Inspired by the author’s extensive research, this comprehensive book: Describes a revolutionary SIC-based antenna technique with the potential to replace existing antenna technologies Examines theoretical and experimental results connected to electrical and mechanical performance Explains how to overcome difficulties in meeting bandwidth, gain, and efficiency specifications Substrate Integrated Antennas and Arrays offers valuable insight into the state of the art of SIC and SIW antenna technologies, presenting research useful to the development of wireless communication base station antennas, portable microwave point-to-point systems, collision avoidance radars, conformal antennas, and satellite antennas.

This book comprehensively reviews the state of the art in millimeter-wave antennas, traces important recent developments and provides information on a wide range of antenna configurations and applications. While fundamental theoretical aspects are discussed whenever necessary, the book primarily focuses on design principles and concepts, manufacture, measurement techniques, and practical results. Each of the various antenna types scalable to millimeter-wave dimensions is considered individually, with coverage of leaky-wave and surface-wave antennas, printed antennas, integrated antennas, and reflector and lens systems. The final two chapters address the subject from a systems perspective, providing an overview of supporting circuitry and examining in detail diverse millimeter-wave applications, including high-speed wireless communications, radio astronomy, and radar. The vast amount of information now available on millimeter-wave systems can be daunting for researchers and designers entering the field. This book offers readers essential guidance, helping them to gain a thorough understanding based on the most recent research findings and serving as a sound basis for informed decision-making.

Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems The first and only comprehensive text on substrate-integrated mmW antenna technology, state-of-the-art antenna design, and emerging wireless applications Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems elaborates the most important topics related to revolutionary millimeter-wave (mmW) technology. Following a clear description of fundamental concepts including substrate-integrated waveguides and loss analysis, the text treats key design methods, prototyping techniques, and experimental setup and testing. The authors also highlight applications of mmW antennas in 5G wireless communication and next-generation radar systems. Readers are prepared to put techniques into practice through practical discussions of how to set up testing for impedance matching, radiation patterns, gain from 24GHz up to 325 GHz, and more. This book will bring readers state-of-the-art designs and recent progress in substrate-integrated mmW antennas for emerging wireless applications. Substrate-Integrated Millimeter-Wave Antennas for Next-Generation Communication and Radar Systems is the first comprehensive text on the topic, allowing readers to quickly master mmW technology. This book: Introduces basic concepts such as metamaterials Huygens’s surface, zero-index structures, and pattern synthesis Describes prototyping in the form of fabrication based on printed-circuit-board, low-temperature-co-fired-ceramic and micromachining Explores applications for next-generation radar and imaging systems such as 24-GHz and 77-GHz vehicular radar systems Elaborates design methods including waveguide-based feeding network, three-dimensional feeding structure, dielectric loaded aperture antenna element, and low-sidelobe synthesis The mmW is one of today’s most important emerging technologies. This book provides graduate students, researchers, and engineers with the knowledge they need to deploy mmW systems and develop new antenna designs with low cost, low loss, and low complexity.