This book provides a thorough understanding of the basic principles, synthesis, analysis, and control of virtual inertia systems. It uses the latest technical tools to mitigate power system stability and control problems under the presence of high distributed generators (DGs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) penetration. This book uses a simple virtual inertia control structure based on the frequency response model, complemented with various control methods and algorithms to achieve an adaptive virtual inertia control respect to the frequency stability and control issues. The chapters capture the important aspects in virtual inertia synthesis and control with the objective of solving the stability and control problems regarding the changes of system inertia caused by the integration of DGs/RESs. Different topics on the synthesis and application of virtual inertia are thoroughly covered with the description and analysis of numerous conventional and modern control methods for enhancing the full spectrum of power system stability and control. Filled with illustrative examples, this book gives the necessary fundamentals and insight into practical aspects. This book stimulates further research and offers practical solutions to real-world power system stability and control problems with respect to the system inertia variation triggered by the integration of RESs/DGs. It will be of use to engineers, academic researchers, and university students interested in power systems dynamics, analysis, stability and control.

The stability of power systems and microgrids is compromised by the increasing penetration with power electronic devices, such as wind turbines, photovoltaics and batteries. A simulation and optimization environment for such low-inertia systems is created. It is investigated how accurate the models need to be to capture the prevailing modes. An evolutionary algorithm tailored to optimization problems with computationally intensive fitness evaluation is proposed in order to optimized the controller parameters of grid-forming and grid-supporting distributed generators. It becomes apparent that microgrids dominated by grid-forming inverters are very stable systems when well-designed and optimized controllers are used. Model simplifications, such as the neglect of inner control loops of inverters, must be examined carefully, as they can lead to an inaccurate stability assessment.

Microgrid Protection and Control is the result of numerous research works and publications by R&D engineers and scientists of the Microgrid and Energy Internet Research Centre. Through the authors long-routed experience in the microgrid and energy internet industry, this book looks at the sophisticated protection and control issues connected to the special nature of microgrid. The book explains the different ways of classifying types of microgrids and common misconceptions, looking at industrial and research trends along with the different technical issues and challenges faced with deploying microgrid in various settings. Forecasting short-term demand and renewable generation for optimal operation is covered with techniques for accurate enhancement supported with practical application examples. With chapters on dynamic, transient and tertiary control and experimental and simulation tests this reference is useful for all those working in the research, engineering and application of microgrids and power distribution systems. - Contains practical examples to support the research and experimental results on microgrid protection and control - Includes detailed theories and referential algorithms - Provides innovative solutions to technical issues in protection and control of microgrids

The authors here provide a detailed treatment of the design of robust adaptive controllers for nonlinear systems with uncertainties. They employ a new tool based on the ideas of system immersion and manifold invariance. New algorithms are delivered for the construction of robust asymptotically-stabilizing and adaptive control laws for nonlinear systems. The methods proposed lead to modular schemes that are easier to tune than their counterparts obtained from Lyapunov redesign.

Smart grid and microgrid technology are growing exponentially as they are adopted throughout the world. These new technologies have revolutionized the way electricity is produced, delivered, and consumed, and offer a plethora of benefits as well as the potential for further growth. It is critical to examine the current stage of smart grid and microgrid development as well as the direction they are headed as they continue to expand in order to ensure that cost-effective, reliable, and efficient systems are put in place. The Research Anthology on Smart Grid and Microgrid Development is an all-encompassing reference source of the latest innovations and trends within smart grid and microgrid development. Detailing benefits, challenges, and opportunities, it is a crucial resource to fully understand the current opportunities that smart grids and microgrids present around the world. Covering a wide range of topics such as traditional grids, future smart grids, electrical distribution systems, and microgrid integration, it is ideal for engineers, policymakers, systems developers, technologists, researchers, government officials, academicians, environmental groups, regulators, utilities specialists, industry professionals, and students.