DANS LE CADRE DE LA CONCEPTION MECANIQUE, LE CALCUL EST UN OUTIL DE VALIDATION. OR, POUR CONCEVOIR, LES CONCEPTEURS UTILISENT NATURELLEMENT DES REGLES DE CALCUL IMPLICITES AFIN DE REALISER DES CHOIX ASSURANT UNE RESISTANCE MECANIQUE SUFFISANTE. LES CHOIX DE CONCEPTION S'ARTICULENT AUTOUR DES RAISONNEMENTS EXPERTS DES CONCEPTEURS ET DES CALCULATEURS. NOUS PROPOSONS UNE RECHERCHE AUTOMATISEE DES PREMIERES SOLUTIONS DE CONCEPTION. LES SOLUTIONS RESPECTENT LES CONCEPTS EMIS PAR LA CREATIVITE, LES OBJECTIFS CITES DANS LE CAHIER DES CHARGES, LES REGLEMENTS DE CONCEPTION, LES CRITERES MECANIQUES ET TOUS LES RAISONNEMENTS DE CONCEPTION ET DE CALCUL. AINSI, LES TRAVAUX PRESENTES PRECONISENT L'UTILISATION DES THEORIES DE CALCUL AU PLUS TOT DANS LE CYCLE DE CONCEPTION : LE CALCUL EST INTEGRE DANS LA CONCEPTION ET PARTICIPE AUX CHOIX DE CONCEPTION. NOTRE LOGIQUE EST BASEE SUR UNE DOUBLE MODELISATION : LA MODELISATION DES CONNAISSANCES ET LA MODELISATION DU RAISONNEMENT DE CONCEPTION. D'UNE PART, LA MODELISATION DES CONNAISSANCES S'ARTICULE AUTOUR DU PRODUIT. LE PRODUIT EST CONCU SELON DIFFERENTS POINTS DE VUE. CHACUN EST REPRESENTE PAR UNE VARIABLE. SELON LE NIVEAU DE PERCEPTION DE CHAQUE POINT DE VUE, LA VALEUR DE LA VARIABLE EST PRECISE (VALEUR NUMERIQUE) OU APPROXIMATIVE (VALEUR FLOUE, QUALITATIVE OU LINGUISTIQUE). D'AUTRE PART, LE RAISONNEMENT DE CONCEPTION EST LE RESULTAT D'UN ENSEMBLE DE REGLES ELEMENTAIRES APPELEES CONTRAINTES. ELLES SONT SPECIFIEES SOUS FORME DE RELATIONS CONTINUES OU DISCRETES. AFIN DE RECHERCHER DES VALEURS COHERENTES POUR CHAQUE VARIABLE ET DONC DE PROPOSER DES CHOIX DE CONCEPTION, NOUS UTILISONS LA NOTION MATHEMATIQUE DE CONSISTANCE. ELLE S'INSCRIT DANS LA RESOLUTION DE PROBLEMES CSP. NOS TRAVAUX PERMETTENT LA RECHERCHE DE SOLUTIONS DE CONCEPTION OPTIMISEES ET SELON UNE DEMARCHE INTEGREE ET INVERSEE. LES LOIS DE LA MECANIQUE DES STRUCTURES S'INSCRIVENT DANS LE RAISONNEMENT SOUS DES FORMES ADAPTEES : ELLES PEUVENT ETRE ANALYTIQUES OU APPROCHEES. DEUX TECHNIQUES DE CONSTRUCTION DE MODELES APPROCHES SONT COMPAREES ET EVALUEES : LA METHODE DES ELEMENTS FINIS ET LES TECHNIQUES NEURONALES. NOUS AVONS APPLIQUE NOS CONCEPTS A LA CONCEPTION DE TREILLIS DE POUTRES ET D'APPAREILS A PRESSION PARALLELEPIPEDIQUES. LES MODELES MECANIQUES UTILISES APPELLENT LES THEORIES DES BARRES, DES POUTRES, DES PLAQUES ET DES COQUES.

This book presents a selection of papers related to the fifth edition of book further to the International Conference on Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering. This Conference has been organized within the framework of the activities of the AIP-PRIMECA network whose main scientific field is Integrated Design applied to both Mechanical Engineering and Productics. This network isorganized along the lines of a joint project: the evolution, in the field of training of Integrated Design in Mechanics and Productics, in quite close connection with the ever changing industrial needs over the past 20 years. It is in charge of promoting both exchanges of experience and know-how capitalisation. It has a paramount mission to fulfil, be it in the field of initial and continuous education, technological transfer and knowledge dissemination through strong links with research labs. For the second time, in fact, the IDMME Conference has been held abroad and, after Canada in 2000, the United Kingdom, more particularly Bath University, has been retained under the responsibility of Professor Alan Bramley, the Chairman of the Scientific Committee of the conference. The Scientific Committee members have selected all the lectures from com mplete papers, which is the guarantee for the Conference of quite an outstanding scientific level. After that, a new selection hasbeen carried out to retain the best publications, which establish in a book, a state-of-the-art analysis as regards Integrated Design and Manufacturing in the discipline of Mechanical Engineering.

SMC COLOMBIER FONTAINE is a company in the AFE METAL group, which uses a sand casting process to manufacture steel primary parts. To reduce the "time to market", primary part producers need to reduce the time and cost of the industrialisation process. These factors, in addition to the global goal of improving process performance levels, brought SMC to develop numerical technologies and traceability from quotation to part delivery [1]. Nowadays, these improvements are incorporated into company culture. The next step in reducing the time and cost of the production process is to introduce a complete methodology of use and experience feedback of these new models and methods. To be able to generalise this approach, a CAD methodology is essential and thus becomes a step in the industrialisation process. The amount of improvements engendered by the numerical technologies largely justifies the time investment made to obtain a numerical definition of all the different elements in the sand casting process [2]. The objective of our approach is to optimise the product and its production process by generating a complete numerical reference, through the integration of quotation, CAD, simulation, new manufacturing technologies and effective production processes.

En conception de produits, l'étape de conception dite architecturale doit aboutir à une solution décrivant les caractéristiques du produit, telles que les dimensions ou le choix de composants. Parmi les nombreuses solutions potentielles, il est nécessaire d'effectuer un choix et de pouvoir le justifier de manière rigoureuse. Ce choix doit en outre intégrer l'éventuelle présence d'une solution de référence, pouvant par exemple être issue de projets antérieurs, ou d'études préliminaires.Dans ce but, nos travaux présentent une méthode d'aide à la décision en vue de sélectionner une solution de conception ; nous la nommons méthode OIA (Observation-Interprétation-Agrégation). Cette méthode emploie deux types de modèle, l'un pour formaliser le comportement objectif du produit (Observation), l'autre pour les préférences subjectives du concepteur (Interprétation). Dans ces préférences, nous incluons le comportement attendu du produit, la satisfaction du concepteur ainsi que les compromis intrinsèquement réalisés lors du processus de conception. Ces compromis sont réalisés au travers de stratégies de conception et de logiques de pondérations (Agrégation). La méthode OIA est employée une première fois pour qualifier les solutions de conception en termes de performance. Cette méthode est ensuite appliquée une seconde fois afin de qualifier la solution par rapport à la solution de référence, en termes de confiance accordée par le concepteur. Nous introduisons la notion d'arc-élasticité en conception comme un indicateur de compromis entre performance et confiance pour une solution de conception.Plusieurs algorithmes stochastiques d'optimisation sont comparés comme méthodes de recherche de solutions candidates pertinentes. Nous les détaillons, les comparons et proposons une méthode de sélection multicritère afin d'identifier l'algorithme le plus pertinent.Notre travail est appliqué au dimensionnement d'une jonction rivetée dans un contexte aéronautique industriel.

From the fundamentals of impact mechanics and biomechanics to modern analysis and design techniques in impact energy management and occupant protection this book provides an overview of the application of nonlinear finite elements, conceptual modeling and multibody procedures, impact biomechanics, injury mechanisms, occupant mathematical modeling, and human surrogates in crashworthiness.

A systematic treatment of current crashworthiness practice in the automotive, railroad and aircraft industries. Structural, exterior and interior design, occupant biomechanics, seat and restraint systems are dealt with, taking account of statistical data, current regulations and state-of-the-art design tool capabilities. Occupant kinematics and biomechanics are reviewed, leading to a basic understanding of human tolerance to impact and of the use of anthropometric test dummies and mathematical modelling techniques. Different types of restraining systems are described in terms of impact biomechanics. The material and structural behaviour of vehicle components is discussed in relation to crash testing. A variety of commonly used techniques for simulating occupants and structures are presented, in particular the use of multibody dynamics, finite element methods and simplified macro-elements, in the context of design tools of increasing complexity, which can be used to model both vehicles and occupants. Audience: An excellent reference for researchers, engineers, students and all other professionals involved in crashworthiness work.

It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.