Artificial intelligence (AI) is a transformative technology that holds promise for tremendous societal and economic benefit. AI has the potential to revolutionize how we live, work, learn, discover, and communicate. AI research can further our national priorities, including increased economic prosperity, improved educational opportunities and quality of life, and enhanced national and homeland security. Because of these potential benefits, the U.S. government has invested in AI research for many years. Yet, as with any significant technology in which the Federal government has interest, there are not only tremendous opportunities but also a number of considerations that must be taken into account in guiding the overall direction of Federally-funded R&D in AI. On May 3, 2016, the Administration announced the formation of a new NSTC Subcommittee on Machine Learning and Artificial intelligence, to help coordinate Federal activity in AI.1 This Subcommittee, on June 15, 2016, directed the Subcommittee on Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) to create a National Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Strategic Plan. A NITRD Task Force on Artificial Intelligence was then formed to define the Federal strategic priorities for AI R&D, with particular attention on areas that industry is unlikely to address. This National Artificial Intelligence R&D Strategic Plan establishes a set of objectives for Federally-funded AI research, both research occurring within the government as well as Federally-funded research occurring outside of government, such as in academia. The ultimate goal of this research is to produce new AI knowledge and technologies that provide a range of positive benefits to society, while minimizing the negative impacts.

This book summarizes the current state of research on strategic planning and offers an agenda for future research. The book edition comes with a new introduction that argues that strategising by public, non-profit and business organisations should be a major focus of research. Strategising is what links aspirations, capabilities, and implementation. Strategic planning should be viewed as one approach, but not the only approach, to strategising. A focus on strategising prompts researchers to consider issues of vertical and horizontal alignment of purpose, including across sectors; competence and scalability; co-production; decision-making and change management; and trust, transparency, authenticity and accountability. Additionally, the role of various strategising techniques and information technology should be analysed further. Beyond the book’s introductory overview of the field, chapters focus on the following topics: planning styles collaboration, strategic plans, and government performance impacts of context and political responsibilities on government strategic planning efforts impacts of strategic planning in municipal governments impacts of austerity on strategic planning and government performance The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal, Public Management Review.

The field of strategic management has developed significantly since its birth from "business policy" and "business planning" in the 1960s. Pioneering studies were essentially normative, prescriptive, and often based on in-depth case studies. The evolution of strategic management into a respected field of academic study resulted from the adoption of research methods previously employed in economics. Today, research in strategic management is likely to employ a mixture of methods borrowed from related and unrelated disciplines, such as politcal sciences, psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral economics, which can be confusing to researchers new to the field. This book provides the reader with a broad introduction to the array of qualitative and quantitative research methods required to investigate strategic management. Throughout the book, strong emphasis is placed on practical applications that transcend the mere analysis of the theoretical roots of single research methods. The underlying result is a book that encourages and aids readers to "learn by doing" – in applying the implications of each chapter to their own research. This text is vital reading for postgraduate students and researchers focused on business strategy.

This entry-level text describes a tested top-down enterprise-wide approach to managing organizations with a predominant portion of their product being scientific or technological research. It focuses on executive performance and strategic forecasting and planning; goal-setting; communications and marketing, and operations management to realize strategic objectives. This book will be of interest to entrepreneurs, established scientists and engineers and to those studying toward an MBA with specialization in research institutions and major research infrastructures, preparing them to move from research or academia into their first managerial position. It also provides valuable advice and guidance for established middle and senior management in established research enterprises. Features: Provides an accessible and easy to follow introduction to strategic management methodologies Explores best practices for communication, marketing, and risk management Discusses workforce management as related to realizing strategic goals and plans

Emerging from a 1987 SRA (Society of Research Administrators) Symposium, this volume for research administrators is a description of the planning process from the perception of several administrators who have been involved in the daily planning of university research. Overall, the volume reveals the intricacy of a planning technology that attempts to guide and coordinate multiple activities under a common purpose in an enterprise of incredible complexity. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

The state of America's schools is a major concern of policymakers, educators, and parents, and new programs and ideas are constantly proposed to improve it. Yet few of these programs and ideas are based on strong research about students and teachersâ€"about learning and teaching. Even when there is solid knowledge, the task of importing it into more than one million classrooms is daunting. Improving Student Learning responds by proposing an ambitious and extraordinary plan: a strategic education research program that would focus on four key questions: How can advances in research on learning be incorporated into educational practice? How can student motivation to achieve in school be increased? How can schools become organizations capable of continuous improvement? How can the use of research knowledge be increased in schools? This book is the springboard for a year-long discussion among educators, researchers, policy makers, and the potential funders-federal, state, and private-of the proposed strategic education research program. The committee offers suggestions for designing, organizing, and managing an effective strategic education research program by building a structure of interrelated networks. The book highlights such issues as how teachers can help students overcome their conceptions about how the world works, the effect of expectations on school performance, and the particular challenges of teaching children from diverse and disadvantaged backgrounds. In the midst of a cacophony of voices about America's schools, this book offers a serious, long-range proposal for meeting the challenges of educating the nation's children.