This book highlights recent advancements in such an important topic, through contribution from experts demonstrating different applications in ‘day-to-day’ life, both existing and newly emerging non-biological technologies, and thought provoking approaches from different parts of the world, potential future prospects associated with some frontier development in non-conventional energy sources. It covers different types of natural energy sources such as: Ocean, Tidal and Wave energy; Nuclear energy; Solar cells; Geothermal energy; Hydrogen Fuel; Photovoltaic modules; Gas hydrates; Hydrate-based Desalination Technology; and Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin/ Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals. This book is a comprehensive and informative compilation for international readers, especially undergraduate and post graduate students and researchers.

This book highlights recent advancements in such an important topic, through contribution from experts demonstrating different applications in ‘day-to-day’ life, both existing and newly emerging biological technologies, and thought provoking approaches from different parts of the world, potential future prospects associated with some frontier development in non-conventional energy sources. It covers different aspects of cellulosic and lignocellulosic biomass; Cellulosics Biorefinery; Algal Biofuels; Biodiesel; Bioethanol; Microbial Fuel Cells; Biofuel cells; and biohydrogen production. This book is a comprehensive and informative compilation for international readers, especially undergraduate, post graduate students and researchers.

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 1 titled Natural Gas Formation and Extraction introduces natural gas characteristics and thermo-physical properties. The book discusses various formation and synthesize techniques from non-renewable sources (coal, oil shale, etc.) and renewable sources (biomass, sewage, algae, etc.) of natural gas as well as its extraction techniques from different reservoirs. It also covers related environmental challenges of natural gas, economic assessment of its extraction and production technologies, health. - Introduces natural gas characteristics and properties - Describes different renewable/non-renewable sources for natural gas production and extraction - Includes various methods and technologies for extracting and producing natural gas with related challenges

This book examines resource recovery and recycling from waste metal dust, including currently used techniques for waste processing and recycling and their applications, with practical examples and economic potentials of the processes. The focus of this book is on resource recovery by suitable treatments and techniques, including those of recovery by-products. For the first time, this book provides a comprehensive, one-stop reference including seminal principles and methods, the advantages and disadvantages of the processes discussed, and the economics of the technology. It will serve as a technical reference for working scientists and engineers, while serving as an educational reference to students studying the waste recovery of metals.

Molecular Impacts of Nanoparticles on Plants and Algae covers molecular mechanisms of plants/algae related to cellular uptake and translocation of nanoparticles, and genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome responses against it. The book introduces readers to state-of-the-art developments and trends of nanoparticles and plants/algae including interaction of nanoparticles with biological compounds in vitro. Nanoscience and nanotechnology have rapidly been developed in the last few decades, and they have a wide range of applications in industry, medicine, food, and agriculture. In agriculture, nanoparticles (NPs) have successfully been used for growth regulation, crop protection and improvement. They are also employed to cope with plant nutrient deficiencies. A predicted significant increase in the output of NPs will cause the discharge of a remarkable number of NPs to ecosystems, creating a need to understand how to optimize or mitigate their impact depending on their potential impact. These include serious health concerns for living organisms in aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments as well as human health through their potential existence in plant-based foods. The impact of NPs on living organisms including plants and algae, and uptake, translocation and molecular response mechanisms should be carefully considered before producing and using nanoparticles in large amounts as NPs, when entered to the body, induce changes in gene expressions related to the photosystem, water transport, cell wall formation, and cell division. Further recent studies have showed that NPs are potential agents or stressors to alter proteome, transcriptome, genome and metabolome responses. Impacts of nanoparticles on molecular mechanisms of plants and algae presents the most recent findings on nanoparticle and plant/algae interaction by focusing to molecular response mechanisms at genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome levels. In addition, uptake and translocation mechanism of nanoparticles will be assessed both in plant and algae Throughout this book, the latest developments and discoveries will be highlighted as well as open problems and future challenges in molecular mechanisms of plants/algae as a response of nanoparticles. - Presents genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome responses in plants/algae, along with cellular uptake and translocation mechanisms - Illustrates nano-particle-plant/algae interactions - Covers both simple and higher organisms, addressing both algae and plant

Functional Materials for the Oil and Gas Industry: Characterization and Applications discusses the latest techniques in characterization and applications of functional materials in the oil and gas industry. It provides an expert review of recent developments in a variety of materials, such as ceramics, composites, and alloys, and covers all major aspects relevant to the industry, including asset management (corrosion), operation (pipeline engineering), energy management, and applications in extreme environments. This book: Discusses modern characterization techniques, such as in situ TEM, SAXS, SANS, X-ray, and neutron tomography Covers conventional and advanced nondestructive techniques (NDTs), such as ultrasonic testing and radiography for asset integrity checking in oil and gas sectors Describes advanced properties of a variety of functional materials and their applications to the oil and gas field Explains self-cleaning coating technologies and their applications and materials for renewable energy sources Details advances in synthesis methods for functional materials Features industrial aspects of afunctional materials application in each chapter Written for an interdisciplinary audience of industrial practitioners, academics, and researchers in petroleum, materials, chemical, and related disciplines of engineering, this work offers significant insight into the state-of-the-art in the development and characterization of advanced functional materials.

This book promotes the idea of creative thinking to those working on qualitative and quantitative analysis for reinforcing engineering designs relating to industrial and manufacturing domains. The book focuses on the development of the theoretical foundations and discusses the utility of integration of critical components and systems engineering for effective systems design. The book presents research directions and can be used as a tool to understand in-depth possible ways related to the management of industrial and manufacturing activities, processes, actions, benchmarks, and so on. The new ideas, theories, and methods related to qualitative and quantitative research will improve manufacturing knowledge linked to the manufacturing process. Readers will find that the book: Explains qualitative and quantitative research for exploiting system characteristics and attaining system efficiency, as well as what decision-making tools are available for attaining sustainability in industrial fields; Discusses the utility of qualitative and quantitative models and analytical frameworks for enduring sustainability and the exploration of new ideas, critical theories, and methods related to qualitative and quantitative research; Disseminates industrial and manufacturing knowledge and allied boundaries, including case studies and sustainable ways to retain excellence in industrial and manufacturing domains based on qualitative and quantitative analysis; Presents critical aspects related to lean manufacturing and lean management tools, and demonstrates pure research and practical solutions to manufacturing problems; Offers theoretical content and demonstrations of manufacturing applications, as well as critical thinking and methodological support for optimizing resources and consumption; Reviews the development of supply chain network designs based on qualitative and quantitative aspects.