The classic text, now completely up to date This Second Edition of State Variables for Engineers is completely updated to reflect both the many changes in the field of systems and control and the fact that today's first-year graduate students are well prepared in the background skills and techniques needed to handle this material. The book begins with an introduction to the basic concepts behind time domain techniques, comparisons between state variable feedback and classical output feedback, and a discussion of the concepts of observability and controllability. The authors stress the importance of studying matrices and linear spaces by offering state variable representations for continuous linear systems in matrix form along with the solution to the resulting linear matrix differential equation. This treatment demonstrates how these basic linear algebra tools are related to the state variable analysis of linear systems. This new edition retains thorough coverage of the eigenvalue-eigenvector problem from the first edition, as well as several chapters on state variables for continuous and discrete-time systems--now supplemented with additional material on observability and controllability. It also offers three entirely new chapters covering: * Canonical forms for representing linear systems * Observers and controllers * Identification and estimation Supplemented with appendices on basic matrix algebra and Z transforms, State Variables for Engineers, Second Edition is the ideal text for courses in systems analysis and techniques. It is also an excellent reference for professionals who want to keep pace with recent changes in the field.

This book presents a concise and insightful view of the knowledge on fractional-order electrical circuits, which belongs to the subject of Electric Engineering and involves mathematics of fractional calculus. It offers an overview of fractional calculus and then describes and analyzes the basic theories and properties of fractional-order elements and fractional-order electrical circuit composed of fractional-order elements. Therein, the fundamental theorems, time-domain analysis, steady-state analysis, complex frequency domain analysis and state variable analysis of fractional-order electrical circuit are included. The fractional-order two-port networks and generalized fractional-order linear electrical circuits are also mentioned. Therefore, this book provides readers with enough background and understanding to go deeper into the topic of fractional-order electrical circuit, so that it is useful as a textbook for courses related to fractional-order elements, fractional-order electrical circuits, etc. This book is intended for students without an extensive mathematical background and is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, engineers and researchers who focus on the fractional-order elements, electrical circuits and systems.

The book is written for an undergraduate course on the Signals and Systems. It provides comprehensive explanation of continuous time signals and systems , analogous systems, Fourier transform, Laplace transform, state variable analysis and z-transform analysis of systems. The book starts with the various types of signals and operations on signals. It explains the classification of continuous time signals and systems. Then it includes the discussion of analogous systems. The book provides detailed discussion of Fourier transform representation, properties of Fourier transform and its applications to network analysis. The book also covers the Laplace transform, its properties and network analysis using Laplace transform with and without initial conditions. The book provides the detailed explanation of modern approach of system analysis called the state variable analysis. It includes various methods of state space representation of systems, finding the state transition matrix and solution of state equation. The discussion of network topology is also included in the book. The chapter on z-transform includes the properties of ROC, properties of z-transform, inverse z-transform, z-transform analysis of LTI systems and pulse transfer function. The state space representation of discrete systems is also incorporated in the book. The book uses plain, simple and lucid language to explain each topic. The book provides the logical method of explaining the various complicated topics and stepwise methods to make the understanding easy. The variety of solved examples is the feature of this book. The book explains the philosophy of the subject which makes the understanding of the concepts very clear and makes the subject more interesting.