This is a significant revision of the existing Standard Operating Procedures necessitated by recent advances in outbreak response, principally the Emergency Use Listing of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 in 2021. This is the fourth version of the polio outbreak SOPs which give response teams in countries step by step guidance on how to respond, including vaccine choice and scope of the response in countries, and how these steps are supported by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI).

This guidance was developed by the Polio Eradication Department of the World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, based on expert opinion and scientific principles. It aims to assist countries faced with a containment breach, but may be adapted according to the situation and country context, especially the legal context. As knowledge and experience may grow, this guidance may need to be reviewed and updated. Many experts provided input and feedback on this guidance, including experts from polio laboratories, national authorities for containment, public health agencies within WHO Member States and other stakeholders.

The Global Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026 supersedes the Polio Strategy 2019-2023, taking into account new tools and approaches, including the novel oral polio vaccine type 2 and need to more concertedly address vaccine-derived polioviruses, as well as new operations tactics in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It is intended to layout the roadmap to achieving and sustaining a polio-free world, free of all forms of poliovirus. It is intended to be a strategic resource and guidance document for GPEI stakeholders, partners, donors and affected country governments.

This book systematically assesses the risk of 21 major infectious diseases threatening BRI countries. It consists of 14 chapters. Chapter 1 is an overview. Chapter 2 introduces the history of health cooperation between China and other BRI countries. Chapters 3-14 introduce the prevalence of major infectious diseases threatening BRI countries such as cholera, vaccine preventable diseases (polio, measles, meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, diphtheria, hepatitis A), tuberculosis, influenza, and insect-borne diseases (Dengue fever, Zika virus disease, yellow fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever), plague, malaria, Ebola virus disease, MERS, schistosomiasis, COVID-19 and AIDS, and risk factors, principles and cases of their prevention and control. It is a useful reference book in the research of infectious disease control and prevention, and provides historical experience and lessons learned. It also provides decision support for international cooperation among BRI countries in the field of epidemic prevention and control in the future.