9,000 or more graphic symbols used in engineering and science taken directly from standards published by a specific technical or engineering society. To be used to determine the meaning of a symbol or in choosing the appropriate symbol. Appendix II is a list of abbreviations to use on drawings and in technical publications. Arranged by subject area. Indexed. Published 1963.

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Since 1932, the ten editions of Architectural Graphic Standards have been referred to as the "architect's bible." From site excavation to structures to roofs, this book is the first place to look when an architect is confronted with a question about building design. With more than 8,000 architectural illustrations, including both reference drawings and constructible architectural details, this book provides an easily accessible graphic reference for highly visual professionals. To celebrate seventy-five years as the cornerstone of an industry, this commemorative Eleventh Edition is the most thorough and significant revision of Architectural Graphic Standards in a generation. Substantially revised to be even more relevant to today's design professionals, it features: An entirely new, innovative look and design created by Bruce Mau Design that includes a modern page layout, bold second color, and new typeface Better organized-- a completely new organization structure applies the UniFormat(r) classification system which organizes content by function rather than product or material Expanded and updated coverage of inclusive, universal, and accessible design strategies Environmentally-sensitive and sustainable design is presented and woven throughout including green materials, LEEDS standards, and recyclability A bold, contemporary new package--as impressive closed as it is open, the Eleventh Edition features a beveled metal plate set in a sleek, black cloth cover Ribbon Markers included as a convenient and helpful way to mark favorite and well used spots in the book All New material Thoroughly reviewed and edited by hundreds of building science experts and experienced architects, all new details and content including: new structural technologies, building systems, and materials emphasis on sustainable construction, green materials, LEED standards, and recyclability expanded and updated coverage on inclusive, universal, and accessible design strategies computing technologies including Building Information Modeling (BIM) and CAD/CAM new information on regional and international variations accessibility requirements keyed throughout the text new standards for conducting, disseminating, and applying architectural research New and improved details With some 8,500 architectural illustrations, including both reference drawings and constructible architectural details, Architectural Graphic Standards continues to be the industry's leading, easily accessible graphic reference for highly visual professionals.

Abstract: "Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) systems have become prevalent for producing building design drawings. An ultimate goal of CADD systems is to automate analyses and communication of high-level design information extracted from CADD drawings, a difficult task because of the lack of CADD standards. Using standard graphic symbols attached with symbolic information can help, but locating symbols in large libraries is difficult. AUGURS is a new interactive tool designed to assist CADD users in utilizing standard symbols. The task of recognizing symbols sketched by CADD users differs from traditional pattern recognition problems in several ways. Standard libraries have over 1000 symbols, grouped into seven disciplines. The large symbol set makes training data difficult to obtain. Since AUGURS is embedded in the CADD system, it must be efficient and compact. Also, it needs to handle irregular distortion in symbols sketched by users. These difficulties are lessened by the special output format that requires AUGURS to perform only 'admissible' recognition, classifying the input to a small set of plausible symbols. The symbol recognition program in AUGURS is a neural network similar to the Neocognitron, but is more compact and efficient and having better recognition performance. The main thrust of the AUGURS approach is a novel network structure encoded with general knowledge balancing the discriminant power and the noise tolerance of the network. To handle large symbol sets, another thrust of the AUGURS approach is to construct a network by first building an integrated network from the internal structures of smaller networks trained on sub-tasks, and then pruning unnecessary components from this integrated network. This research contains an extensive empirical study of numerous related work varying conditions and parameters. The results demonstrate the superiority of the AUGURS approach over many alternatives, including Zipcode Nets, an unconstrained network, networks using such invariant features as Zernike moments, pseudo-Zernike moments, normalized moments, and Fourier-Mellin descriptors, the Integrated Neural Network, and the connectionist gluing approach. A practicality analysis shows that AUGURS can handle around 100 symbols, about the size of a discipline library. To enable AUGURS to handle even more symbols, future work is planned to augment it with domain- specific knowledge and other improvements."

"A ready reference aid and an inspiration to designers . All in all the best book now available on symbols." --Library Journal This unparalleled reference represents a major achievement in the field of graphic design. Famed industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss recognized the importance of symbols in communicating more quickly and effectively; for many years he and his staff collected and codified graphic symbols as they are used in all walks of life throughout the world. The result is this "dictionary" of universally used graphic symbols. Henry Dreyfuss designed this sourcebook to be as practical and easy to use as possible by arranging the symbol information within ingeniously devised sections: Basic Symbols represents a concise and highly selective grouping of symbols common to all disciplines (on-off, up-down, etc.). Disciplines provides symbols used in accommodations and travel, agriculture, architecture, business, communications, engineering, photography, sports, safety, traffic controls, and many other areas. Color lists the meanings of each of the colors in various worldwide applications and cultures. Graphic Form displays symbols from all disciplines grouped according to form (squares, circles, arrows, human figures, etc.) creating a unique way to identify a symbol out of context, as well as giving designers a frame of reference for developing new symbols. To make the sourcebook truly universal, the Table of Contents contains translations of each of the section titles and discipline areas into 17 languages in addition to English.