Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Setts XXII: The Norfolk Sandy Loam Where erosion has been excessive the entire soil mass has been carried away and galled spots occupied by stiff red clay are found within the fields. These constitute local areas of the Cecil clay and where broadly developed are mapped as such. Every gradation between the galled areas, where only subsoil material exists, and the full development of the typical Cecil sandy loam may be found in any of the surveyed areas. Advantage should be taken of this difference in depth of the surface soil in the selection of the appropriate crop for each particular area of the type. Scattered through both the surface soil and subsoil material there will be found greater or less quantities of angular white quartz, or white "flint," as it is locally known. These masses are the remains of old veins and scams of quartz which intersected the original granite or gneiss rock. The Cecil sandy loam contrasts sharply with the Cecil clay, which is the other important type in the same series. The latter type consists of a stiff red day or heavy chocolate-colored loam, extending from the surface to a considerable depth. It has no gray or brown sandy covering like the Cecil sandy loam. The members of the Cecil series are also easily distinguished from the soils of the Durham series, are also easily distinguished from the soils of the Durham series, which are gray or yellow at the surface and possess lcmon-3-ellow or pale-yellow subsoils. Similarly the Cecil series may be separated from the Iredell series, which have brown or yellow surface soils and yellow or mottled yellow and gray subsoils. The stiff waxy subsoil of the members of the Iredell series is very impervious to water and gives rise to the scrub-oak soils and "beeswax" land of this Piedmont section. The Cecil sandy loam is rarely associated with the soils of the Chester series, which have a brown surface soil and a yellow loamy subsoil, or with the Penn series, which have a characteristic Indian red color in both soil and subsoil and are derived through the weathering of sandstones and shales. Surface Features and Drainage. The Cecil sandy loam occurs only in that broad plateau section which lies along the front of the Appalachian Mountain Ranges, and from that region slopes gently seaward until it is covered by later deposits of the Coastal Plain along what is known as the fall line. This section extends from New Jersey to east-central Alabama, but the Cecil soils are only developed in the more southern portion from Maryland to Alabama. The Cecil sandy loam occupies the level uplands, the rolling or undulating crests of ridges, and those portions of the higher part of the Piedmont section which are best protected from active soil -erosion and which have, therefore, been able to maintain the deeper surface covering of sandy and sandy loam material. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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Excerpt from Soils of the Eastern United States and Their Use XXII: The Norfolk Sandy Loam The Norfolk sandy loam is an extensive soil type developed within the lower lying portions of the Atlantic and eastern Gulf Coastal Plains. It lies at varying altitudes from sea level up to 150 or 200 feet above tide, but the greater part of the type is probably found between altitudes of 50 and 150 feet. The surface of the Norfolk sandy loam is nearly level, undulating or gently rolling, and there are no steep Slopes or marked differences of elevation within the different areas of the type. The surface soil of the Norfolk sandy loam is a gray or a pale yellow medium sand, having a depth of about 12 inches. This is underlain to a depth of nearly 2 feet by a loamy sand or sandy loam of a yellow color which grades downward into a friable yellow sandy clay. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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