A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Kathmandu district, Nepal, to find out the relationship between utilization of counseling-testing visit for voluntary counseling and testing service and socio-economic characteristics of people, and to measure their knowledge about HIV infection and AIDS. The survey was conducted in both of urban and rural area of Kathmandu district, participants aged 15-49 years were randomly selected from the general as well as target population to be interviewed. Descriptive analysis, graphical presentation and three regression model analysis and estimated from OLS method, Hypothesis testing for statistical significance as of result interpretation were used to describe the association between selected variables as requirement of research objectives. A total of two hundred eighty people were interviewed. The prevalence of knowledge about HIV/AIDS of people was 85% ranging from 47% to 98%.People with gender, ethnicity in urban area had higher knowledge about HIV/AIDS, There were differences between male and female in terms of educational level, income and utilization of counseling -testing visit for VCT service. Income ranged from Rs 2000.00 to Rs 50,000.00 with the mean was Rs 10,385.72.Knowledge about HIV/AIDS was important factor affecting utilization of counseling-testing visit for VCT service with positive impact or in other word knowledge about HIV/AIDS could increase utilization of counseling-testing service for VCT. Educational level was the most important characteristics of individual affecting to knowledge about HIV/AIDS with high sensitivity. There was a disparity between urban and rural area in term of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and utilization of counseling-testing service for VCT. Individual income also had very important role for improvement the knowledge about HIV/AIDS of people. Utilization of counseling-testing service for VCT is an important basis to expand VCT service in Kathmandu district. Association between individual socioeconomic characteristics and knowledge about HIV/AIDS may be a basis for implementing intervention programs efficiently according to characteristic of individual.

Migration of Nepali workers to India is a longstanding phenomenon. Studies have indicated that migrant workers are at higher-risk of HIV infection due to their engagement in unsafe sexual and substance use behaviors, while abroad. This book aims to evaluate the possible association between migration and increased prevalence of HIV-risk behaviors among Nepali migrant workers and their vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.

Despite wide acceptance of Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) as a crucial entry point for the prevention, treatment, care and support of HIV-infected persons; the prevalence of testing in Ethiopia remains very low. A review of the literature identifies the set of factors that influence HIV testing of individuals to include socio-economic and demographic factors, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, risk perception, fear of stigma, social capital and the perceived benefit of VCT. By drawing assumptions based on the known literature, this mini-thesis explores the relationship between VCT usage and the above factors in order to explain the status of HIV testing in Moher and Aklil district, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. The study hopes to address the dearth of material on VCT and contribute to it in a non-clinical and rural context.