Social policies, particularly environmental and labour issues, are not new to trade policy fora including the GATT. However, they are likely to have a more prominent role in trade policy discussions in the years ahead for the new World Trade Organization. Many developing countries perceive the entwining of these social issues with trade policy as a threat to both their sovereignty and their economies, while significant groups in advanced economies consider it unfair, ecologically unsound, even immoral to trade with countries adopting much lower standards than theirs. This paper examines why these issues are becoming more prominent, whether the WTO is an appropriate forum to discuss them, and how they affect developing and other economies. It concludes that (a) the direct effect on developing economies is likely to be small and for some may even be positive through improved terms of trade and/or compensatory transfer payments, but (b) there is an important indirect negative effect on them and other economies, namely, the potential erosion of the rules-based multilateral trading system that would result from an over-use of trade measures to pursue environmental or labour market objectives.

This book brings together a collection of papers that Robert M Stern and his co-authors have written in recent years. The collection addresses a variety of issues pertinent to the global trading system. One group of papers deals with globalization in terms of what the public needs to know about this phenomenon and the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO), whether some countries may be hurt by globalization, how global market integration relates to national sovereignty, and how and whether considerations of fairness are and should be dealt with in the global trading system and WTO negotiations. A second group of papers consists of analytical and computational modeling studies of multilateral, regional, and bilateral trading arrangements and negotiations from a global and national perspective for the United States and other major trading countries. The remaining papers include an empirical analysis of barriers to international services transactions and the consequences of liberalization, and issues of international trade and labor standards. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview (97 KB). Contents: Globalization: What the Public Should Know about Globalization and the World Trade Organization (A V Deardorff & R M Stern); Globalization''s Bystanders: Does Trade Liberalization Hurt Countries That Do Not Participate? (A V Deardorff & R M Stern); Global Market Integration and National Sovereignty (A G Brown & R M Stern); Concepts of Fairness in the Global Trading System (A G Brown & R M Stern); Analysis of Multilateral, Regional, and Bilateral Trading Arrangements: Multilateral Trade Negotiations and Preferential Trading Arrangements (A V Deardorff & R M Stern); An Overview of the Modeling of the Choices and Consequences of US Trade Policies (A V Deardorff & R M Stern); Issues of Manufactures Liberalization and Administered Protection in the Doha Round (A V Deardorff & R M Stern); An Assessment of the Economic Effects of the Menu of US Trade Policies (K Kiyota & R M Stern); Trade Diversion Under NAFTA (K Fukao et al.); Some Economic Effects of the Free Trade Agreement between Tunisia and the European Union (D K Brown et al.); A North American Free Trade Agreement: Analytical Issues and a Computational Assessment (D K Brown et al.); Computable General Equilibrium Estimates of the Gains from US-Canadian Trade Liberalization (D K Brown & R M Stern); The Effects of the Tokyo Round on the Structure of Protection (A V Deardorff & R M Stern); Services Trade: Empirical Analysis of Barriers to International Services Transactions and the Consequences of Liberalization (A V Deardorff & R M Stern); International Trade and Labor Standards: Pros and Cons of Linking Trade and Labor Standards (D K Brown et al.); The Effects of Multinational Production on Wages and Working Conditions in Developing Countries (D K Brown et al.); US Trade and Other Policy Options and Programs to Deter Foreign Exploitation of Child Labor (D K Brown et al.); Labor Standards and International Trade (R M Stern). Readership: Upper-level undergraduates, post graduates, academics, researchers and policy-makers in international trade and finance.

The Economics discipline at the University of Adelaide has a distinguished 100 year history of which the University and the State of South Australia can be proud. Very few other departments, of any discipline in Australian universities, could claim to have a majority of its lecturer appointments rising to full Professor status over a period as long as 1901 to 1995. Nor would many other university departments be able to say they have had five of their graduates win Rhodes Scholarships in the past 12 years.

Nicolas Buclet Waste management issues can be approached in several ways. The question of which treatment technique to adopt is essentially a downstream problem. In our view the issue needed to be tackled further upstream. Waste management is not only a technical problem, it is also an area which involves various actors throughout society. In this book, as in the previous volume (Buclet, Godard, 2000), the organisation of waste management is seen in terms of regimes. A regime is an entire form ofinstitutional, technical, economic and social organisation relating to a specific field, no matter how complex that field is. Regime formation is generally a long-drawn-out process, rooted in the multiple interactions of the actors involved. Legislation plays a crucial role but would not, of itself, lead to the formation of a regime. There is always the old question of causality and which element occurs first: the behaviour of actors who constitute the reality, or the legislation that models their behaviour? Besides legislation, other formal or informal conventions influence the behaviour of actors approaching a common path, making co ordination easier between them. In this book we have insisted on conventional principles. They are the real guides for actors within each national regime.

Public choice is the study of behavior at the intersection of economics and political science. Since the pioneering work of Duncan Black in the 1940s, public choice has developed a rich literature, drawing from such related perspectives as history, philosophy, law, and sociology, to analyze political decision making (by citizen-voters, elected officials, bureaucratic administrators, lobbyists, and other "rational" actors) in social and economic context, with an emphasis on identifying differences between individual goals and collective outcomes. Constitutional political economy provides important insights into the relationship between effective constitutions and the behavior of ordinary political markets. In Readings in Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy, Charles Rowley and Friedrich Schneider have assembled an international array of leading authors to present a comprehensive and accessible overview of the field and its applications. Covering a wide array of topics, including regulation and antitrust, taxation, trade liberalization, political corruption, interest group behavior, dictatorship, and environmental issues, and featuring biographies of the founding fathers of the field, this volume will be essential reading for scholars and students, policymakers, economists, sociologists, and non-specialist readers interested in the dynamics of political economy.

What guidance does academic research really provide to economic policy development? The critical and analytical surveys in this volume investigate links between policies and outcomes by surveying work from broad macroeconomic policies to interventions in microfinance. Asserting that there are no universal correspondences between policies and outcomes, contributors demonstrate instead that only an intense familiarity with the development context and the universe of applicable economic models can generate successful policies. Getting cause-and-effect right is essential for policy design and implementation. With the goal of drawing researchers and policy makers closer, this volume highlights our increasing understanding of ways to combine economic theorizing with careful, thoughtful empirical work. - Presents an accurate, self-contained survey of the current state of the field - Summarizes the most recent discussions, and elucidates new developments - Although original material is also included, the main aim is the provision of comprehensive and accessible surveys