School based bullying has significant negative impacts on individuals and the school community. Understanding the factors that predict bullying are important to inform targeted prevention and intervention programs. School climate, school identification, wellbeing, peer identification and sex have all been found to be predictive of bullying and victimisation. However, limited research has directly assessed the impact of these factors on cyber bullying and research into the impact of sex on cyber bullying has been unclear. The current study aimed to test a social identity model of traditional bullying and victimisation and extend this model to cyberbullying. The study surveyed 330 high school adolescents from grades seven to twelve (12 to 18 years of age, mean 14.78; 48.5% male, 50.9% female) on experiences of bullying and cyberbullying, perception of school climate, school identification, peer identification, and level of depression and anxiety. The study found partial evidence for the model. Wellbeing was found to increase the likelihood of both traditional and cyber forms of victimisation and bullying, highlighting the wellbeing similarities between victims and bullies. School climate predicted traditional forms of bullying whereas school identification predicted cyber victimisation. The study did not find support for an association between peer identification and bullying. Being male was found to increase the likelihood of traditional bullying and victimisation as well as more frequent and recent cyber bullying, but not cyber victimisation. Although the study had limitations particularly in relation to being based on one school, the results demonstrated the importance wellbeing of victims and bullies, school climate and school identification as potentially modifiable factors that contribute to victimisation and bullying both in traditional and cyber forms. The results support the need for whole of school interventions around the wellbeing for both victims and perpetrators.

Bullying in schools has become the focus of a growing body of literature; however, much of that work diminishes the role of social context, social identities, and prejudices despite extensive research evidence suggesting that many victims of bullying are targeted because of an aspect of their social identity. This book demonstrates how the prevention and intervention of this phenomenon, termed identity-based bullying, is a social justice issue. Expanding beyond bullying prevention that focuses on individual perpetrators, the book examines identity-based bullying in schools as a microcosm of larger systemic tensions and conflicts. The author utilizes a social constructivist perspective to understand the experiences of children as active agents in their own lives. She also provides an international framework to describe the impact of culture, social structures, and politics from the US and the UK. Challenges and barriers to addressing identity-based bullying are explored and recommendations are made for best practices for teachers, administrators, and mental health professionals to prevent and respond to identity-based bullying.

Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.

This book provides a much-needed analysis of the current research in the global epidemic of electronic bullying. Scholars and professionals from the Americas, Europe, and Asia offer data, insights, and solutions, acknowledging both the social psychology and technological contexts underlying cyberbullying phenomena. Contributors address questions that are just beginning to emerge as well as longstanding issues concerning family and gender dynamics, and provide evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies for school and home. The global nature of the book reflects not only the scope and severity of cyberbullying, but also the tenacity of efforts to control and eradicate the problem. Included in the coverage: • Gender issues and cyberbullying in children and adolescents: from gender differences to gender identity measures. • Family relationships and cyberbullying. • Examining the incremental impact of cyberbullying on outcomes over and above traditional bullying in North America. • A review of cyberbullying and education issues in Latin America. • Cyberbullying prevention from child and youth literature. • Cyberbullying and restorative justice. Cyberbullying across the Globe is an essential resource for researchers, graduate students, and other professionals in child and school psychology, public health, social work and counseling, educational policy, and family advocacy.

An innovative collection of perspectives on school bullying and cyberbullying from India, Western Europe and Australia.

This volume explores cyberbullying and its impact on young people in schools in detail. It investigates social and emotional resilience and wellbeing in relation to developing protective factors against the impacts of cyberbullying and contains a range of perspectives to deal positively with cyberbullying as well as a summary of international research. Cyberbullying occurs when any means of technology is used to repeatedly and deliberately engage in bullying behaviours with the intent to cause harm to others. Although anyone can be affected, young people who are also being bullied offline are more likely to be the target of cyberbullying. Forms of cyberbullying include: • abusive texts and emails • posting messages or images • imitating and excluding others online • inappropriate image tagging. Cyberbullying differs from face-to-face bullying. • a sense of anonymity for those who bully • can occur 24/7 and is invasive • can have a large audience • difficult to delete comments and images.