With an ever-increasing number of applications available for mobile devices, battery life is becoming a critical factor in user satisfaction. This practical guide provides you with the key measurement, modeling, and analytical tools needed to optimize battery life by developing energy-aware and energy-efficient systems and applications. As well as the necessary theoretical background and results of the field, this hands-on book also provides real-world examples, practical guidance on assessing and optimizing energy consumption, and details of prototypes and possible future trends. Uniquely, you will learn about energy optimization of both hardware and software in one book, enabling you to get the most from the available battery power. Covering experimental system design and implementation, the book supports assignment-based courses with a laboratory component, making it an ideal textbook for graduate students. It is also a perfect guidebook for software engineers and systems architects working in industry.

Get the key measurement, modeling, and analytical tools for developing energy-aware and efficient systems and applications with this practical guide.

Deep learning networks are getting smaller. Much smaller. The Google Assistant team can detect words with a model just 14 kilobytes in size—small enough to run on a microcontroller. With this practical book you’ll enter the field of TinyML, where deep learning and embedded systems combine to make astounding things possible with tiny devices. Pete Warden and Daniel Situnayake explain how you can train models small enough to fit into any environment. Ideal for software and hardware developers who want to build embedded systems using machine learning, this guide walks you through creating a series of TinyML projects, step-by-step. No machine learning or microcontroller experience is necessary. Build a speech recognizer, a camera that detects people, and a magic wand that responds to gestures Work with Arduino and ultra-low-power microcontrollers Learn the essentials of ML and how to train your own models Train models to understand audio, image, and accelerometer data Explore TensorFlow Lite for Microcontrollers, Google’s toolkit for TinyML Debug applications and provide safeguards for privacy and security Optimize latency, energy usage, and model and binary size

Mobile devices are increasingly becoming essential in people's lives. The advancement in technology and mobility factor are allowing users to utilize mobile devices for communication, entertainment, financial planning, fitness tracking, etc. As a result, mobile applications are also becoming important factors contributing to user utility. However, battery capacity is the limiting factor impacting the quality of user experience. Hence, it is imperative to understand how much energy impact do mobile apps have on the system relative to other device activities. This thesis presents a systematic studying of the energy impact of mobile apps features. Time-series electrical current measurements are collected from 4 different modern smartphones. Statistical analysis methodologies are used to calculate the energy impact of each app feature by identifying and extracting mobile app-feature events from the overall current signal. In addition, the app overhead energy costs are also computed. Total energy consumption equations for each component is developed and an overall total energy consumption equation is presented. Minutes Lost (ML) of normal phone operations due to the energy consumption of the mobile app functionality is computed for cases where the mobile app is simulated to run on the various devices for 30 minutes. Tutela Technologies Inc. mobile app, NAT, is used for this study. NAT has two main features: QoS and Throughput. The impact of the QoS feature is indistinguishable, i.e. ML is zero, relative to other phone activities. The ML with only the TP feature enabled is on average 2.1 minutes. Enabling the GPS increases the ML on average to 11.5 minutes. Displaying the app GUI interface in addition to running the app features and enabling the GPS results in an average ML of 12.4 minutes. Amongst the various mobile app features and components studied, the GPS consumes the highest amount of energy. It is estimated that the GPS increases the ML by about 448%.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conferences on Security Technology, SecTech 2012, on Control and Automation, CA 2012, and CES-CUBE 2012, the International Conference on Circuits, Control, Communication, Electricity, Electronics, Energy, System, Signal and Simulation; all held in conjunction with GST 2012 on Jeju Island, Korea, in November/December 2012. The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions and focus on the various aspects of security technology, and control and automation, and circuits, control, communication, electricity, electronics, energy, system, signal and simulation.

While battery capacity is often insufficient to keep up with the power-demanding features of the latest mobile devices, powering the functional advancement of wireless devices requires a revolution in the concept of battery life and recharge capability. Future handheld devices and wireless networks should be able to recharge themselves automatically from the environment and optimize their energy consumption. Green Mobile Devices and Networks: Energy Optimization and Scavenging Techniques provides insights into the principles and technical challenges behind both automatic optimization of energy consumption and energy gathering from alternative environmental sources. It introduces the basic background, motivation, and principles of various technologies, supplying detailed and integrated coverage of different optimization and energy scavenging techniques. In particular, the book: Examines the technical challenges behind automatic optimization of the energy consumption in dynamic real-time scenarios Considers different types of energy scavenging techniques Describes the various technologies behind harvesting energy through different sources—including solar, acoustics, kinetic, mechanical vibrations, and electromagnetic waves Striking a balance between theory and implementation, the book links different concepts with applications of corresponding schemes and connects them to various standards. It discusses the continuous monitoring of battery life and the automatic adjustment of different functionalities—including data reception, processing and display, complexity of software modules, and perceived video quality—to provide you with a clear understanding of the technical challenges, measurement of energy gain, limitations, and future opportunities.

Following the success of the First MOBILIGHT 2009 in Athens, Greece, the Second International Conference on Mobile Lightweight Systems (MOBILIGHT) was held in Barcelona, Spain on May 10-12, 2010. It was not an easy decision to carry on organizing a scientific event on wireless communications, where competition is really enormous. This decision was motivated by discussion with many colleagues about the current unprecedented demand for lig- weight, wireless communication devices with high usability and performance able to support added-value services in a highly mobile environment. Such devices follow the users everywhere they go (at work, at home, while travelling, in a classroom, etc. ) and result in exciting research, development and business opportunities. Such scenarios clearly demand significant upgrades to the existing communication paradigm in terms of infrastructure, devices and services to support the “anytime, anywhere, any device” philosophy, providing novel and fast-evolving requirements and expectations on - search and development in the field of information and communication technologies. The core issue is to support wireless users' desire for 24/7 network availability and transparent access to "their own" services. In this context, we continue to envision an international forum where practitioners and researchers coming from the many areas involved in lightweight wireless systems’ design and deployment would be able to interact and exchange experiences.