The orientalists have been studying the seerah of the prophet with a view to casting doubt and raising suspicions and discrediting the life and personality of the Prophet (saw). Their approach has evolved over the period of time. At times they have been vicious in their attacks as was the case in the 18th century which with time during the 19th and 20th century became seemingly sympathetic to his life. This study by Dr Mohammad Mohar Ali critically analyses the works of three famous orientalists, William Muir, D.S Margoliouth and W. Montgomery Watt. Dr Ali refutes the charges levelled by them against the life and character of the Prophet (saw) with an erudition which the treatment of such a subject requires.

A detailed assessment of how Western thinking about India developed in the nineteenth century, focusing on the exceptionally full lives of the scholar-administrator Muir brothers. Structured around the lives and careers of two Scottish scholar-administrator brothers, Sir William and Dr John Muir, who served in the East India Company and the Raj in North-West India from 1827-1876, this book examines cultural, especially religious and educational attitudes and interactions during the period. The core of the study centres on a detailed examination of the brothers' seminal works on Vedic and Islamic history and society which, researched from Sanskrit and Arabic sources, became standard reference works on India's religions during the Raj. The publication of these works coincided with the outbreak of the Indian Uprising of 1857, on the nature of which William's correspondence with his brother and others allows some reconsideration, especially in respect of Muslim participation. Powell also examines the response of Indian Muslim scholars, particularly of Sir Saiyid Ahmad Khan, to William's critiques of Islam and the brothers' patronage of Oriental scholarship, comparative religion and education during their long retirement back in their native Scotland. The study contributes to current debates about the Scottish contribution to Empire with particular reference to India and to cultural issues. AVRIL A. POWELL is Reader Emerita in the History Department at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.

The orientalists have been studying the seerah of the prophet with a view to casting doubt and raising suspicions and discrediting the life and personality of the Prophet (saw). Their approach has evolved over the period of time. At times they have been vicious in their attacks as was the case in the 18th century which with time during the 19th and 20th century became seemingly sympathetic to his life. This study by Dr Muhammad Mohar Ali critically analyses the works of three famous orientalists, William Muir, D.S Margoliouth and W. Montgomery Watt. Dr Ali refutes the charges levelled by them against the life and character of the Prophet (saw) with an erudition which the treatment of such a subject requires. Table of Contents Section 1: The sources and the Background Chapter 1: the source of the Sirah Chapter 2: The Background Chapter 3: The Orientalists on some background Topics Chapter 4: On the Materialistic Interpretation of The rise of Islam Section 2: Birth, Boyhood and Youth Chapter 5: Family Background, Birth and Childhood Chapter 6: The orientalists on the Prophet's family Chapter 7: Adolesence and Youth Chapter 8: Adolesence and Youth: The Orientalistss' Views Chapter 9: Watt's Theory about the Harb Al Fijar and Hilf al Fudul Chapter 10: The allegation of ambition and preparation Chapter 11: The theme of judaeo-Christian Influence Chapter 12: The Alleged contemporary Errors in the Qur'an Section 3: On the eve of the Call of Prophethood Chapter 13: On the eve of the call: The Hanifs and the Affair of Uthman ibn Al-huwayrith Chapter 14: The orientalist and the Hanifs: The Jeffery-Bell theory Chapter 15: The orientalists and the Hanfis: Watts' views Section 4: Receipt of Wahy and inception of the Mission Chapter 16: Divine communication (wahy) and inception of the mission Chapter 17: Wahy and the Orientalists: The views of Muir and Margoliouth Chapter 18: Wahy and the Orientalists: Bell's views Chapter 19: Wahy and the Orientalists: Watt's Treatment of the Al-Zuhri's report Chapter 20: Wahy and the Orientalists: The Theory of Intellectual Locution Section 5: The early phase of the Mission Chapter 21: The Early phase of the mission Chapter 22: Margolioth's theory of 'Islam and a secret society" Chapter 23: The bell-Watt theory about the contents of early revelations Chapter 24: The early phase of the mission and Watt's socio-economic interpretation Section 6: The Makkan Opposition Chapter 25: The makkahn Opposition: Nature, causes and immediate allegation Chapter 26: Organized Oppostion: 1 - Objections, Argumentation and demand for Miracles Chapter 27: Organized Opposition: 2- Dissuasion, Enticements, Violence and Persection Chapter 28: The Migration to Abyssinia Chapter 29: The spurious story of the 'Satanic verses' Chapter 30: The climax of opposition and calamity Chapter 31: The makkan opposition and the Orientalists: 1 - Watt's theory about the causes and beginning of opposition Chapter 32: The Orientalists on the extent and nature of the opposition Chapter 33: The unbeliever's objection vis-a-vis the Orientalists Chapter 34: The Abyssinian Migration and the Orientalists Section 7: The late Makkan Phase and Migration too Madina Chapter 34: Looking beyond makkah for Support Chapter 35: Al Isra and Al Miraj Chapter 36: Preliminaries to the Migration Chapter 37: The migration to Madina Chapter 38: The Orientalists on the Migration to Madina

Sufis and Salafis in the Contemporary Age explores the dynamics at play between what are usually understood as two very different forms of Islam, namely Sufism and Salafism. Sufism is commonly understood as the peaceful and mystical dimension of Islam whereas Salafism is perceived as strictly pietistic and moralist, and for some it conjures up images of violent manifestations of Islam. Of course these generalisations require more nuanced investigation, and this book provides a number of case studies from around the Islamic world to unpack the intricate relationship between the two. The diversity of the case studies that focus on Islamic groups in India, Iraq, Egypt, Morocco, Turkey and South East Europe reflect the multiplicity of relationships that exist between the Salafis and Sufis. The specific case studies are framed by an introduction that provides essential historical background and definitions of the terms, and also by general studies of the Sufi–Salafi relationship which enable the reader to focus on the large picture. This will be the first book to investigate the relationship between Sufism and Salafism in such a wide fashion, and includes chapters on "traditional" Sufis, as well as from those who consider that Sufism and Salafism are not necessarily contradictory.

The orientalists have been studying the seerah of the prophet with a view to casting doubt and raising suspicions and discrediting the life and personality of the Prophet (saw). Their approach has evolved over the period of time. At times they have been vicious in their attacks as was the case in the 18th century which with time during the 19th and 20th century became seemingly sympathetic to his life. This study by Dr Mohammad Mohar Ali critically analyses the works of three famous orientalists, William Muir, D.S Margoliouth and W. Montgomery Watt. Dr Ali refutes the charges levelled by them against the life and character of the Prophet (saw) with an erudition which the treatment of such a subject requires. This work has been selected by scholars as culturally important. This book has remained out of print and circulation for a long time, therefore, It has been reproduced from the original artifact and it remains as true to the original work as possible. You will see the original copyright references, library stamps and other notations in the work. As a reproduction of an artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant, marks etc. Scholars believe and we concur that this work is important enough to preserved, reproduced and made generally available to the public. We appreciate the support of the preservation process, and thank for you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.