There is general agreement that increased environmental pollution poses a potential health hazard to humans and that effective control of such genetic injury requires monitoring the exposed individuals for genetic damage and identifying chemicals that may cause mutation or cancer. Tests available for identifying mutagens or carcinogens range from relatively simple, rapid assays in prokaryotes and test systems utilizing mammalian cells in tissue culture to highly elaborate tests in intact animals. No single test can provide data for an unequivocal assessment of the mutagenicity of a given chemical and the risk it might pose to human health. A tier approach, therefore, was suggested for mutagenicity testing in which the suspected agents would be initially evaluated with simple, inexpensive tests that would give qualitative results. Chemicals found to be positive in the first-tier testing would then be evaluated with more complex tests, including those based on mammalian cells in culture. Testing in the final tier requires whole-animal studies, and is expensive and time-consum ing, and even the results from these studies need to be extrapolated for human risk assessment. The mutation systems based on whole animals require scoring large num bers of animals, and therefore are not practical for the routine testing of muta gens. As an alternative to monitoring the pedigree, cells from exposed individ uals may be considered for screening for point mutations through the use of an appropriate marker protein.

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

Describes the immunological aspects of blood transfusion medicine, examining the immuno-chemistry of blood group antigens, the immune destruction of cells, correlations between blood groups and disease, and the effect transfusion-induced retroviral infection has on immune response.

Toph's in Chemical Mutagenesis is a new series dedicated to studies in the areas of environmental chemical mutagenesis and genetic toxicology. In this series we will explore some of many topics that are emerging in these rapidly developing fields. The purpose of the present volume is to attempt to organize and compare the genotoxic properties of the N-nitroso compounds. This is a particularly interesting class of compounds because of the problems encountered with the Salmonella assay of Ames in generating both false positive and false negative results. The battery approach using a number of assay systems seems more appropriate to evaluate chemicals in this class. Topics to be discussed in other volumes in this series include single-cell mutation monitoring systems, the detection of genetic damage in mammalian germ cells, the mutagenicity of pesticides, problems in monitoring human populations in genetic toxicology, and a glossary of terms in genetic toxicology. All of these books are in various stages of development and should appear within the next few years. Frederick J. de Serres Series Editor vii Preface During the past ten years there has been an explosive development in the number of short-term tests to predict the biological risks, especially risks of cancer, in exposure to xenobiotic chemicals. The number of published articles in this area has reached many thousands a year and there are several new journals devoted almost entirely to the presentation of the results obtained in these tests.

Biotechnology in Healthcare presents up-to-date knowledge on the emerging field of biotechnology as applied to the healthcare industry. Biotechnology has revolutionized healthcare in the last two decades by developing and introducing novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and preventive measures; whether it is noncommunicable or communicable disease, primary or secondary care, or public health, it has shown its immense potential to provide a solution to the healthcare providers, physicians, and allied health care professionals.The second volume, Applications and Initiatives, contains 19 chapters focused on the applications of biotechnology related to public healthcare, hospital management, oncology, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases, regenerative medicine, IVF, clinical trials, precision food, FMGCs, PPCPs, pharmaceuticals, and smart technologies to monitor pandemic. Further, this volume also presents government initiatives and entrepreneurship challenges in healthcare biotechnology sector.This is a valuable resource for students, biotechnologists, bioinformaticians, clinicians, and members of biomedical and healthcare fields who need to understand more about the promising developments of the emerging field of biotechnology in healthcare. - Describes various applications of novel biotechnology approaches in healthcare - Presents applications of biotechnology in primary and secondary healthcare and in public health - Discusses government initiatives, challenges and opportunities, and entrepreneurship development in the area of healthcare biotechnology