Analytical relations have been derived for calculating developing thick, axisymmetric, turbulent boundary layer in a pressure gradient from two simultaneous differential equations: momentum and shape parameter. An entrainment method is used to obtain the shape parameter equation. Both equations incorporate the velocity similarity laws that provide a two-parameter velocity profile general enough to include any range of Reynolds numbers. Newly defined quadratic shape parameters which arise from the geometry of the thick axisymmetric boundary layer are analytically related to the two-dimensional shape parameter by means of these velocity similarity laws. The variation of momentum loss, boundary-layer thickness, local skin friction, and local velocity profile may be calculated for the axisymmetric turbulent boundary layers on underwater bodies, including the thick boundary layers on the tails. The various formulations are shown to correlate well with available experimental data. (Author).

Analytical relations have been derived for calculating developing thick, axisymmetric, turbulent boundary layer in a pressure gradient from two simultaneous differential equations: momentum and shape parameter. An entrainment method is used to obtain the shape parameter equation. Both equations incorporate the velocity similarity laws that provide a two-parameter velocity profile general enough to include any range of Reynolds numbers. Newly defined quadratic shape parameters which arise from the geometry of the thick axisymmetric boundary layer are analytically related to the two-dimensional shape parameter by means of these velocity similarity laws. The variation of momentum loss, boundary-layer thickness, local skin friction, and local velocity profile may be calculated for the axisymmetric turbulent boundary layers on underwater bodies, including the thick boundary layers on the tails. The various formulations are shown to correlate well with available experimental data. (Author).

Detailed measurements of pressure distributions, mean velocity profiles and Reynolds stresses were made in the thick, axisymmetric boundary layer and the near wake of a low-drag body of revolution. The data are presented in graphical as well as tabular form for convenience in later analysis. These measurements shed some light on the joint influence of transverse and longitudinal surface curvatures and pressure gradients on the boundary-layer development and on the manner in which an axisymmetric boundary layer becomes a fully-developed wake. Apart from giving a complete set of data on such an important flow configuration, the measurements should provide a fairly rigorous test case for some of the recent turbulence closure models which claim a level of generality not achieved by the older phenomenological models. By inclusion of recently proposed modifications to account for the effects of the extra rates of strain on the turbulence length scale arising from longitudinal and transverse surface curvatures, it is shown that the boundary layer in the tail region of a body of revolution is dominated by the extra strain rates and that more research is needed to account for them properly even in the most recent calculation procedures.

The present book contains papers that have been selected from contributions to the First International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows which was held from the 18th to 20th April 1977 at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. Attend ees from close to 20 countries presented over 100 contributions at this meeting in which many aspects of the current activities in turbulence research were covered. Five topics received particular attention at the Symposium: Free Flows Wall Flows Recirculating Flows Developments in Reynolds Stress Closures New Directions in Modeling This is also reflected in the five chapters of this book with contributions from research workers from different countries. Each chapter covers the most valuable contributions of the conference to the particular chapter topic. Of course, there were many additional good con tributions to each subject at the meeting but the limitation imposed on the length of this volume required that a selection be made. The realization of the First International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows was p- sible by the general support of: U. S. Army Research Office U. S. Navy Research Office Continuing Education Center of The Pennsylvania State University The conference organization was carried out by the organizing committee consisting of: F. Durst, Universitat Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Fed. Rep. of Germany V. W. Goldschmidt, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. , USA B. E. Launder, University of California, Davis, Calif. , USA F. W. Schmidt, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Penna.