The first examination of the cervical spine is always made using standard radiographs and, often enough, this suffices as a basis for diagnosis. Malformations, tumours, and more frequently traumas, rheumatism, and even ordinary neck pain require radiological examination of the spine. Interpretation, however, is difficult. Take a cervical vertebra in your hand and you will see that it is complex enough itself. In radiology the overlapping pieces of bone, summation phenomena and the diversity of viewing angles complicate interpretation of the images still further. The book by J.-F. Bonneville and F. Cattin suggests an original method of reading the radiographs, strict but very attractive, which considerably simplifies the interpretation of images of the cervical spine. This book shows that two- or threedimensional computed tomograms accompany standard radiographs as an excellent aid to comprehension. It is as though the reader had access to each part of the bony anatomy shown in the radiographs and from then on everything becomes easy, superimpositions disappear, traps become visible, anatomy triumphs, the image lives.

This unique text/reference reviews algorithms for the exact or approximate solution of shortest-path problems, with a specific focus on a class of algorithms called rubberband algorithms. Discussing each concept and algorithm in depth, the book includes mathematical proofs for many of the given statements. Topics and features: provides theoretical and programming exercises at the end of each chapter; presents a thorough introduction to shortest paths in Euclidean geometry, and the class of algorithms called rubberband algorithms; discusses algorithms for calculating exact or approximate ESPs in the plane; examines the shortest paths on 3D surfaces, in simple polyhedrons and in cube-curves; describes the application of rubberband algorithms for solving art gallery problems, including the safari, zookeeper, watchman, and touring polygons route problems; includes lists of symbols and abbreviations, in addition to other appendices.

This book documents the state of the art in combinatorial optimization, presenting approximate solutions of virtually all relevant classes of NP-hard optimization problems. The wealth of problems, algorithms, results, and techniques make it an indispensible source of reference for professionals. The text smoothly integrates numerous illustrations, examples, and exercises.

This first part presents chapters on models of computation, complexity theory, data structures, and efficient computation in many recognized sub-disciplines of Theoretical Computer Science.

In Memory of Dieter Rötting. 24.8.1937 - 4.6.1984. On the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of His Birth

This volume contains 11 invited lectures and 42 communications presented at the 13th Conference on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, MFCS '88, held at Carlsbad, Czechoslovakia, August 29 - September 2, 1988. Most of the papers present material from the following four fields: - complexity theory, in particular structural complexity, - concurrency and parellelism, - formal language theory, - semantics. Other areas treated in the proceedings include functional programming, inductive syntactical synthesis, unification algorithms, relational databases and incremental attribute evaluation.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium Fundamentals of Computation Theory, FCT 2003, held in Malmö, Sweden in August 2003. The 36 revised full papers presented together with an invited paper and the abstracts of 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 73 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on approximibility, algorithms, networks and complexity, computational biology, computational geometry, computational models and complexity, structural complexity, formal languages, and logic.