Are some of Shakespeare’s romantic storybook heroines actually emoting sexually obscene (but very funny) lines? {“Sexual quibbles (puns, play-on words), covertly uttered by precious-and-pure heroines, call for an immediate revision of viewpoint.”} When Fernando (The Tempest) is described as bravely swimming for shore “in lusty stroke”, would he be disqualified for doing this in Olympic competition? Before the walls of Harfleur, when Henry V threatens to “mow like grass your fresh-fair virgins” and have “your naked infants spitted upon pikes”, is he (and by inference his creator) barbarous? Or is he doing an hilarious comic imitation of Marlowe’s Tamburlaine before the walls of Damascus? {“There exists an interesting Marlovian source for the Tamburlaine protagonist himself—Ivan the Terrible. He proposed marriage to Queen Elizabeth, who tactfully turned him down.”} Rule Number 1: If a good writer seems surprisingly inept and has been known to be a wit or humorist, suspect parody or satire. Well, esteemed readers, you decide where to place your bets. On the critics? Or on William Shakespeare?

To begin with, Shakespeare had a complete grammar school education, and Euripides, Sophocles and Aristophanes were assigned reading!! This book presents voluminous, striking, unmediated textual correspondences between the Greek and Shakespearean plays, and illuminating historical background. Not only should this prove the Shakespeare-Greek Drama connection, but that William Shakespeare became “Shakespeare” because of his mastery of the ancient Greek treasury of Drama. 3. “Pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums” Many of us associate Lady Macbeth’s special temper with some of the most blood-curdling lines in literature: I have given suck, and know How tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me; I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums, And dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn As you have done to this. Shakespeare’s precise action image appears in Euripides’ Iphigenia in Aulis, from verses spoken by Clytemnestra. She says to Agamemnon: It was not of my own free will but by force that Thou didst take and wed me, after slaying Tantalus, My former husband, and dashing my babe on the ground alive, When thou hadst torn him from my breast with brutal violence. The derivation of Lady Macbeth’s dashing image cannot be in doubt.

A massive anthology of Shakespeare's comedies are collected here; included is an analysis of each major work and a biography about the life and times of Shakespeare. The following works are included in this collection: All's Well That Ends Well As You Like It The Comedy of Errors A Fairy Tale in Two Acts Taken from Shakespeare Love’s Labour’s Lost Measure for Measure The Merchant of Venice The Merry Wives of Windsor A Midsummer Night's Dream Much Ado About Nothing Pericles Prince of Tyre The Taming of the Shrew The Tempest Twelfth Night Two Gentlemen of Verona The Winter's Tale

The Pun is Older than Punctuation The start and use of punctuation occurred around 1500 AD. Prior to this no commas, periods, quotation marks, etc., were used in writing. What one doesn't have, one learns to do without. Books then were rare, no printing presses. Somewhere in those early years someone decided interpretative marks were needed to enhance writing. Yet puns were employed much earlier. In the New Testament, Matthew 16:18, Jesus is quoted as having said, "You are Peter, on this rock, I will build my Church". The word Peter in that ancient language translates as "rock. In effect a pun. Another early pun the headless horseman wore an unusual necklace. A young St. Augustine prayed, "Lord, make me pure, but not yet". Someone punned him as being a "roaming Catholic". Puns are inferential; they twist together meanings and entwine connections to enhance incongruity. No ifs, ands, or butts. Just a few months ago the White House and Congress faced the Fiscal Cliff. After weeks of back and forth wrangling only a few hours remained before going over the cliff to higher taxes. Expressing her disfavor toward a do nothing Congress, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi said, punningly, "Congress, it's all about time, it's about time!"

From The Two Gentlemen of Verona in the early 1590s to The Two Noble Kinsmen at the end of his career around 1614, Shakespeare wrote at least eighteen plays that can be called 'comedies': a far higher number than that for any other genre in which he wrote. So what is a Shakespearean comedy? We associate these plays with such themes as mistaken identities, happy marriages, and exuberant cross dressing, but how representative are these of the oeuvre as a whole? In this Very Short Introduction, Bart van Es explores the full range of the playwright's comic writing, from the neat classical plotting of early works like The Comedy of Errors to the corrupt world of the so-called problem plays, written in the middle years of Shakespeare's life. Examining Shakespeare's influences and sources, van Es compares his plays to those of his rivals, and looks at the history of the plays in performance, from the biographies of Shakespeare's original actors to the plays' endless reinvention in modern stage productions and in films. Identifying the key qualities that make Shakespearean comedy distinctive, van Es traces the changing nature of Shakespeare's comic writing over the course of a career that spanned nearly a quarter century of theatrical change. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.