Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years?
Title | Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? PDF eBook |
Author | Leandro Medina |
Publisher | International Monetary Fund |
Pages | 114 |
Release | 2018-01-25 |
Genre | Business & Economics |
ISBN | 1484339177 |
We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for 158 countries all over the world are presented over 1991 to 2015. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are assessed and a critical comparison and evaluation of the methods is carried out. The average size of the shadow economy of the 158 countries over 1991 to 2015 is 31.9 percent. The largest ones are Zimbabwe with 60.6 percent, and Bolivia with 62.3 percent of GDP. The lowest ones are Austria with 8.9 percent, and Switzerland with 7.2 percent. The new methods, especially the new macro method, Currency Demand Approach (CDA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) in a structured hybrid-model based estimation procedure, are promising approaches from an econometric standpoint, alongside some new micro estimates. These estimations come quite close to others used by statistical offices or based on surveys.
The Shadow Economy
Title | The Shadow Economy PDF eBook |
Author | Friedrich Schneider |
Publisher | Cambridge University Press |
Pages | 225 |
Release | 2013-02-14 |
Genre | Business & Economics |
ISBN | 1107034841 |
This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.
SHADOW ECONOMIES AROUND THE WORLD
Title | SHADOW ECONOMIES AROUND THE WORLD PDF eBook |
Author | LEANDRO; SCHNEIDER MEDINA (FRIEDRIC.) |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | |
Genre | |
ISBN | 9781484339213 |
Shadow Economies Around the World
Title | Shadow Economies Around the World PDF eBook |
Author | Friedrich Schneider |
Publisher | |
Pages | 62 |
Release | 1999 |
Genre | Business enterprises |
ISBN |
Handbook on the Shadow Economy
Title | Handbook on the Shadow Economy PDF eBook |
Author | Friedrich Schneider |
Publisher | Edward Elgar Publishing |
Pages | 543 |
Release | 2011 |
Genre | Business & Economics |
ISBN | 0857930885 |
This original and insightful handbook presents the latest research on the size and development of the shadow economy (also known as the black or underground economy), an integral component of the most developing and many developed countries' economies.
Shadow Economies Around the World Size, Causes, and Consequences
Title | Shadow Economies Around the World Size, Causes, and Consequences PDF eBook |
Author | Friedrich Schneider |
Publisher | |
Pages | 57 |
Release | 2006 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
This paper presents estimates of the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition, and OECD countries, which are derived by combining figures from different estimation methods. We describe and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the different estimation methods. We find that the growth of the shadow economy ő which is now remarkably large in the 76 countries ő is strongly related to increasing burdens of taxation and social security contributions, as well as to the extent of state regulatory activities. Rising corruption also has a clearly positive impact on the growth of the shadow economy.
Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia
Title | Formalizing the Shadow Economy in Serbia PDF eBook |
Author | Gorana Krstić |
Publisher | Springer |
Pages | 182 |
Release | 2015-04-21 |
Genre | Political Science |
ISBN | 331913437X |
The main objective of this book is to develop a strategy and policy measures to enhance the formalization of the shadow economy in order to improve the competitiveness of the economy and contribute to economic growth; it explores these issues with special reference to Serbia. The size and development of the shadow economy in Serbia and other Central and Eastern European countries are estimated using two different methods (the MIMIC method and household-tax-compliance method). Micro-estimates are based on a special survey of business entities in Serbia, which for the first time allows us to explore the shadow economy from the perspective of enterprises and entrepreneurs. The authors identify the types of shadow economy at work in business entities, the determinants of shadow economy participation, and the impact of competition from the informal sector on businesses. Readers will learn both about the potential fiscal effects of reducing the shadow economy to the levels observed in more developed countries and the effects that formalization of the shadow economy can have on economic growth.