Use of electromagnetic (EM) methods to discriminate frag and geology from unexploded ordnance (UXO) has shown steady improvement over time as demonstrated by test site results. Performance of off- the-shelf and customized EM sensors have increased both in terms of UXO probability of detection and false alarm rate. Parallel with the increase in capabilities of UXO detection and discrimination is the Increasing use of digital geophysical techniques on live sites. However, a significant gap exists in capabilities for UXO detection and discrimination between prove-out / test sites and actual UXO contaminated sites. In addition, the future deployment of more sophisticated sensors with discrimination capabilities is limited by the requirement for greater data fidelity for wide application on most sites. One issue of importance for improving data quality is the need for improved spatial representation of the geophysical signature of subsurface UXO. Presently, survey data are inadequately spatially quantified with simple XY sensor locations and an assumed constant Z elevation. To accurately represent the geophysical signature of subsurface UXO, more complete and accurate inion%ation is required, including sensor elevation inion%ation, orientation data (yaw, pitch and roll), and sensor velocity and acceleration data. Therefore, Strategic Envirom%ental Research and Development Progm-m (SERDP) Project UX- 1310 "Sensor Orientation Effects on UXO Geophysical Target Discrimination" was designed to research how the response of geophysical sensors is affected by variations in sensor orientation and motion, to develop an approach to measure these effects in the field, and to develop modeling and analysis techniques to mitigate the effects of sensor orientation and motion.

This book provides the reader with a unique opportunity to understand the basic and applied research and technology areas that support applications to enable Transformational capabilities for US Soldiers. The research papers are in line with the theme of the 24th Army Science Conference: “Transformational Science and Technology for the Current and Future Force,” emphasizing the critical role of Science and Technology in addressing the significant challenges posed by Global War On Terrorism while simultaneously developing Transformational capabilities for the Future Force.

Part 1, "fundamentals", includes magnetic and electrical methods, subsurface geophysics, near-surface seismology, electromagnetic induction, and ground-penetrating radar. Part 2, "applications", includes determination of physical properties, multimethod surveys and integrated interpretations, and model-based survey planning, execution, and interpretation.