l + 133 pp.

Pagination: lxxxiii + 270 pp.

Virgil Thomson and Gertrude SteinFour Saints in Three ActsEdited by H. Wiley Hitchcock MU18 / A 64 ISBN (2008) lv + 447 pp. $250.00 ISBN 978-0-89579-629-5 Rental parts available from Schirmer only. With music by Virgil Thomson and a libretto by Gertrude Stein, Four Saints in Three Acts was completed in 1928 but waited almost six years for its first performances. After a week¿s run in Hartford, Connecticut, in February 1934, it moved to New York where--with some sixty performances in six weeks--it became the longest-running opera that Broadway up to that time had experienced.This critical edition by H. Wiley Hitchcock and Charles Fussell features the scenario by Maurice Grosser and is based on the full score that Thomson commissioned from copyist Ben Weber for his 1947-48 revision; it includes the 32-measure orchestral prelude to the Act II "Dance of the Angels," and it makes comparisons primarily to the manuscript scores held at the Library of Congress and Yale University. The critical apparatus applies as much to the music as to the Stein text, the principal source for which is the 1929 first publication.

“When I think of music, I think of you and vice-versa,” John Cage told David Tudor in the summer of 1951. Looking back years later, Cage said that every work he composed in the ensuing two decades was composed for Tudor—even if it was not written for the piano, Tudor’s nominal instrument. The collaboration of Cage and Tudor reached an apex in the Solo for Piano from Cage’s Concert for Piano and Orchestra (1957–58). None of Cage’s previous works had employed more than a single type of notation. In contrast, the Solo for Piano consists of eighty-four notational types, ranging from standard line-and-staff notation to extravagant musical graphics. The notational complexity of the Solo for Piano led Tudor to write out—or realize—a performance score, from which he played at the premiere of the Concert for Piano and Orchestra in May 1958. The next spring, when Cage requested music to complement his ninety-minute lecture “Indeterminacy,” Tudor created a second realization, for which he devised a new temporal structure to implement Cage’s notations. This edition of Tudor’s second realization of the Solo for Piano presents Tudor’s performance score in the spatial-temporal layout of its proportional notation. An introductory essay discusses the early collaborations of Cage and Tudor, as well as the genesis, creative process, and performance history of the Solo for Piano. The critical commentary examines each of Tudor’s methods of realization; which notations from Cage’s score Tudor selected and why; how Tudor interpreted Cage’s often ambiguous performance instructions; how Tudor distributed the resulting sounds temporally; and the ways in which Tudor’s realization fulfills, transcends, and sometimes contravenes the instructions of Cage’s score.

“When I think of music, I think of you and vice-versa,” John Cage told David Tudor in the summer of 1951. Looking back years later, Cage said that every work he composed in the ensuing two decades was composed for Tudor—even if it was not written for the piano, Tudor’s nominal instrument. The collaboration of Cage and Tudor reached an apex in the Solo for Piano from Cage’s Concert for Piano and Orchestra (1957–58). None of Cage’s previous works had employed more than a single type of notation. In contrast, the Solo for Piano consists of eighty-four notational types, ranging from standard line-and-staff notation to extravagant musical graphics. The notational complexity of the Solo for Piano led Tudor to write out—or realize—a performance score, from which he played at the premiere of the Concert for Piano and Orchestra in May 1958. The next spring, when Cage requested music to complement his ninety-minute lecture “Indeterminacy,” Tudor created a second realization, for which he devised a new temporal structure to implement Cage’s notations. This edition of Tudor’s second realization of the Solo for Piano presents Tudor’s performance score in the spatial-temporal layout of its proportional notation. An introductory essay discusses the early collaborations of Cage and Tudor, as well as the genesis, creative process, and performance history of the Solo for Piano. The critical commentary examines each of Tudor’s methods of realization; which notations from Cage’s score Tudor selected and why; how Tudor interpreted Cage’s often ambiguous performance instructions; how Tudor distributed the resulting sounds temporally; and the ways in which Tudor’s realization fulfills, transcends, and sometimes contravenes the instructions of Cage’s score.

Trained in Russia, Zeitlin (1884–1930) was an accomplished composer, conductor, performer, and pedagogue. In writing Palestina, Zeitlin, as he had done during his entire career, was fulfilling the goals of the Society for Jewish Folk Music, which he joined in 1908 while still a student at the St. Petersburg Conservatory: to compose and perform works of art music on motivic material drawn from Jewish cantillation, liturgy, and folk song. In addition to employing two modes central to Jewish music and several Jewish tunes, in Palestina Zeitlin actually imitates the shofar calls heard in the synagogue before and during Rosh Hashanah and at the conclusion of Yom Kippur. This edition includes an extensive essay on the composer and on the themes and structure of Palestina, with insights into the Capitol Theatre and the role of music in picture palaces of this era.