Applied ethnomusicology is an approach guided by principles of social responsibility, which extends the usual academic goal of broadening and deepening knowledge and understanding toward solving concrete problems and toward working both inside and beyond typical academic contexts (International Council for Traditional Music 2007). This edited volume is based on the first symposium of the ICTM’s Study Group on Applied Ethnomusicology in Ljubljana, Slovenia in 2008 that brought together more than thirty specialists from sixteen countries worldwide. It contains a Preface, an extensive Introduction, and twelve selected peer-reviewed articles by authors from Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Slovenia, Serbia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, divided into four thematic groups. These groups encompass: diverse perspectives on the growing field of applied ethnomusicology in various geographical and problem-solving contexts; research and teaching-related connotations; the potential in contributing to sustainable music cultures; and the use of music in conflict resolution situations. The edited volume Applied Ethnomusicology: Historical and Contemporary Approaches brings together previously dispersed knowledge and perspectives, and offers new insights to various disciplines within the humanities and social sciences. Rooted in diverse scholarly traditions, it addresses a variety of challenges in today’s world and aims to benefit the quality of human existence.