Disputed document inquiries encompass extensive and varied technical examinations, unique phases of investigation, and specialized legal presentations. This book serves as a guide to all aspects of a questioned document covering the broad spectrum of the work as it is practiced today. From the work of the field investigator and the examination of a document to the presentation of evidence in court, Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents provides a comprehensive approach that is ideal as a training manual for document examiners, investigators, and attorneys.

Considered the forensic document examiner's bible, Scientific Examination of Questioned Documents is an authoritative and comprehensive reference that focuses on the pertinent advancements made within the field. This newest edition presents the qualifications necessary for a well-trained examiner and details the most up-to-date methodologies used in the field. An essential guide for the novice and the seasoned professional, it is also an informative reference for the layperson who is interested in the subject. Featuring chapters written by several forensic document examination experts, this new edition is extensively revised to reflect post-1982 developments. Since that time, new avenues of written communication have emerged, as well as the proliferation of desktop computers and printers. Both of these factors have strongly impacted the nature of the examinations performed and the methodologies used. The book thoroughly explores the complexities involved in keeping current with these developments and does so, in some instances, aided by the presentation of a variety of documents and case studies. Discussion topics include infra-red exams, the use of computer hardware and software in document examination, and innovative chart making techniques. New chapters cover computer printer technologies, facsimiles, techniques for the detection of digitally manipulated documents and photocopies, ASTM standards for reporting conclusions along with advanced examination techniques. Updated chapters include expanded discussion of ESDA and other analytical tools, document dating, modern stamp making technology, and more.

This guide to all aspects of a questioned document for attorneys, investigators, document examiners, and others covers the scientific examination of questioned documents and also the steps to be taken by field investigators and trial attorneys, as well as the techniques of presenting evidence in court. The text begins with basic definitions of terms and then discusses what examination of a document may reveal, including instruments and materials used to prepare documents, alterations in documents, damaged documents, accidental markings and impressions, and additional clues. Discovery of facts by comparison with known material is discussed in terms of handwriting identification; the identification of signatures and the detection of forgery; identification of handlettering and numerals; typewriting identification; and other mechanical impressions, including check writers and printing identifications. The age of a document is also considered. The attorney-investigator's role in a questioned document problem requires preparation and collection of handwriting and typewriting standards; and the proper care, handling, and preservation of documents, as well as reproduction of documents. Considerations for bringing the document problem to court involve preparation for trial and anticipating events in the courtroom. Illustrations, footnotes, and an index are provided.

Revised and expanded to reflect the most recent innovations in the field, The Scientific Examination of Documents, Fourth Edition is a handy, accessible volume detailing current best-practices for forensic document examination. Since the first edition published in 1989, there have been drastic changes in the field of forensic document examination—both from the use of the analytic techniques available to the professional examiner—and the changes to technology in office and printing equipment and inks. The purpose of analyzing any material used in the production of a questioned document, such as an ink or a piece of paper, is to compare it with another material elsewhere in the questioned document itself—or on another document—to determine whether or not they share a common origin. There may also be a need to provide information for the investigator about the possible origins of the document. This latest edition reflects the myriad changes and advances that have occurred in the last 10 to 15 years. Topics covered include: current thinking on handwriting interpretation; accidental and deliberate modification of handwriting; the proper collection of samples; a discussion of shredded documents; professional accreditation standards, qualifications, and training; and modern digital imaging and analysis of documents and handwriting utilizing software and imaging, including reconstruction of an image from erasures, obliteration and other document altering methods. A new section addresses cognitive bias and Chapter 8 is completely updated to cover the advances in print and photocopied documents, based on current technology, and analytical developments in the comparison of such documents. Key features: Discusses issues regarding handwritten, photocopied, and printed documents—including inkjet versus digital printing Presents the advances and capabilities modern office fax, photocopy, and printing technologies—and implications for document examination Details and reinforces the importance of ensuring proper scientific methods during an examination Addresses current Raman spectroscopy, UV-VIS, mass spectroscopy, and SEM analysis techniques Highlights the importance, and implications, of biological and fingerprint evidence from documents that can be collected, examined, and utilized in a case The Scientific Examination of Documents, Fourth Edition serves as an invaluable resource to established professionals, those just entering the field, and legal and investigative professionals outside the discipline who have a professional interest dealing with questioned documents in the course of their work.

Completely revised and updated to reflect the latest techniques and technological advances, this second edition provides and clear, concise overview of modern forensic document examination. The scientific methods applied to elucidate questions about whether a document is genuine, whose writing is on it, and any alterations to information on it are explained in detail. Handwriting, typewriting, inks, paper, and other factors which make up documents are discussed and techniques involving infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, electrostatic detection, and microscopical examination are described. It is an invaluable guide for trainees and more experienced document examiners.

It takes the proper application of the appropriate methods to either confirm or disprove the authenticity of a handwriting sample that appears on a document. The conclusion may mean substantiating a person‘s intent and preventing a fraud. Revised and expanded to reflect the most recent innovations in the field of forensic document examination, S