David Conway analyses why and how Jews, virtually absent from Western art music until the end of the eighteenth century, came to be represented in all branches of the profession within fifty years as leading figures – not only as composers and performers, but as publishers, impresarios and critics. His study places this process in the context of dynamic economic, political, sociological and technological changes and also of developments in Jewish communities and the Jewish religion itself, in the major cultural centres of Western Europe. Beginning with a review of attitudes to Jews in the arts and an assessment of Jewish music and musical skills, in the age of the Enlightenment, Conway traces the story of growing Jewish involvement with music through the biographies of the famous, the neglected and the forgotten, leading to a radical contextualisation of Wagner's infamous 'Judaism in Music'.

Pulmonary endothelium forms the inner lining of blood vessels, where it interprets the complex mechanical and chemical environment within the circulation and adjusts its behavior to facilitate vascular homeostasis. Although endothelium fulfills many essential functions, including regulation of vascular pressure, circulating cell transmigration, coagulation, and hormone metabolism and/or delivery, a principal role is to form a semi-permeable barrier that limits fluid, solute and macromolecular access to the interstitial space. Physiological properties that govern such permeability characteristics are defined by the Starling equation, which assumes that endothelial cells throughout the circulation are all alike. However, in recent years it has become evident that endothelial cells in pulmonary arteries, capillary and veins are heterogeneous in structure and function. Here, we review evidence for endothelial heterogeneity among these pulmonary vascular segments, and consider the implications for such heterogeneity in lung fluid balance, especially as it relates to the Starling equation.

A history of German Jews from the mid-eighteenth century to the eve of the Third Reich traces their transformation from cattle dealers and wandering peddlers to a successful community of writers, philosophers, scientists, and activists.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

A biography on the life of Wilma Rudolph, hero of the 1960 Rome Olympics. Written in graphic-novel format.