This book investigates the applicability of satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) for deformation monitoring. The presented methodologies are demonstrated in an integrated way for the entire northern part of the Netherlands and a part of Germany.

This book is the product of five and a half years of research dedicated to the und- standing of radar interferometry, a relatively new space-geodetic technique for m- suring the earth’s topography and its deformation. The main reason for undertaking this work, early 1995, was the fact that this technique proved to be extremely useful for wide-scale, fine-resolution deformation measurements. Especially the interf- ometric products from the ERS-1 satellite provided beautiful first results—several interferometric images appeared as highlights on the cover of journals such as Nature and Science. Accuracies of a few millimeters in the radar line of sight were claimed in semi-continuous image data acquired globally, irrespective of cloud cover or solar illumination. Unfortunately, because of the relative lack of supportive observations at these resolutions and accuracies, validation of the precision and reliability of the results remained an issue of concern. From a geodetic point of view, several survey techniques are commonly available to measure a specific geophysical phenomenon. To make an optimal choice between these techniques it is important to have a uniform and quantitative approach for describing the errors and how these errors propagate to the estimated parameters. In this context, the research described in this book was initiated. It describes issues involved with different types of errors, induced by the sensor, the data processing, satellite positioning accuracy, atmospheric propagation, and scattering character- tics. Nevertheless, as the first item in the subtitle “Data Interpretation and Error Analysis” suggests, data interpretation is not always straightforward.

The aim of this book is to demonstrate the use of SAR data in three application domains, i.e. land cover (Part II), topography (Part III), and land motion (Part IV). These are preceded by Part I, where an extensive and complete review on speckle and adaptive filtering is provided, essential for the understanding of SAR images. Part II is dedicated to land cover mapping. Part III is devoted to the generation of Digital Elevation Models based on radargrammetry and on a wise fusion (by considering sensor characteristic and acquisition geometry) of interferometric and photogrammetric elevation data. Part IV provides a contribution to three applications related to land motion.

In this book are reported nine works related to land subsidence monitoring using remote sensing techniques. Land subsidence is a common phenomenon in many regions of the world, where it causes degradation of local ecosystems and disruption of economic activities. Its effects are more evident in densely populated areas in particular in low-lying territories such as river deltas and coastal areas where the combination of land subsidence and sea level rise increases the flooding risk. For this reason, the monitoring of ground deformations is a crucial step to obtain important information for the development of risk mitigation strategies. In the presented papers, the characteristics of land subsidence occurring in different study areas are described, and recent developments in the used methodologies for the monitoring of the ground displacements are discussed and validated also by means of ground-based data. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of the adopted techniques are highlighted. The outcomes of these research works can provide national and local authorities with useful information for the implementation of integrated monitoring systems in the areas most affected by land subsidence.

This book presents selected articles from the International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC 2019), an event intended to promote academic and technical exchange on coastal related studies, including coastal engineering and coastal environmental problems, among Asian and Pacific countries/regions. APAC is jointly supported by the Chinese Ocean Engineering Society (COES), the Coastal Engineering Committee of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE), and the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (KSCOE). APAC is jointly supported by the Chinese Ocean Engineering Society (COES), the Coastal Engineering Committee of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE), and the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (KSCOE).

In this book are reported nine works related to land subsidence monitoring using remote sensing techniques. Land subsidence is a common phenomenon in many regions of the world, where it causes degradation of local ecosystems and disruption of economic activities. Its effects are more evident in densely populated areas in particular in low-lying territories such as river deltas and coastal areas where the combination of land subsidence and sea level rise increases the flooding risk. For this reason, the monitoring of ground deformations is a crucial step to obtain important information for the development of risk mitigation strategies. In the presented papers, the characteristics of land subsidence occurring in different study areas are described, and recent developments in the used methodologies for the monitoring of the ground displacements are discussed and validated also by means of ground-based data. Moreover, advantages and disadvantages of the adopted techniques are highlighted. The outcomes of these research works can provide national and local authorities with useful information for the implementation of integrated monitoring systems in the areas most affected by land subsidence.