Developments in Geomathematics 4: Sampling of Particulate Materials: Theory and Practice reviews the theory and practice of sampling particulate solids, such as ores and concentrates. With examples borrowed from the mining, metallurgical, and cement industries, the book examines particulate materials of vegetable and mineral origin, including cereals, oil seeds, sugar beets, granulated drosses or slags, bars, plates, and ingots. Organized into nine parts encompassing 34 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the theory of sampling and sampling-error generating mechanisms. It then discusses the continuous selection and discrete models of the increment sampling process and the materialization of punctual increments. It explains the splitting process and its practical implementation in sampling. Lot and sample preparation, resolution of sampling problems, and problems associated with commercial sampling are also discussed. The book also describes the detection of measurement or sampling biases and inconspicuous losses of material, and the design of automatic sampling plants. This book is a valuable resource for geologists, mining engineers, metallurgists, and analysts.

Powder technology is a rapidly expanding technology and nowhere more than in particle characterization. There has been an explosion of new particle measuring techniques in the past ten year particularly in the field of on-line measurement. One of the main aims of this book is to bring the reader up-to-date with current practices. One important area of interest is the improvements in on-line light scattering instruments and the introduction of ultrasonic on-line devices. Another is the introduction of on-line microscopy, which permits shape analysis in conjunction with particle sizing.Schools of powder technology are common in Europe and Japan but the importance of this subject has only recently been recognised in America with the emergence of the Particle Research Centre (PERC) at the University of Florida in Gainsville.- Details all the latest developments in powder technology - Written by established authority on powder technology- A comprehensive text covering all aspects of powder technology and handling of particulate solids including characterization, handling and applications

Important new work in rapidly expanding field of powder technology.

A step-by-step guide for anyone challenged by the many subtleties of sampling particulate materials. The only comprehensive document merging the famous works of P. Gy, I. Visman, and C.O. Ingamells into a single theory in a logical way - the most advanced book on sampling that can be used by all sampling practitioners around the world.

Although sampling errors inevitably lead to analytical errors, the importance of sampling is often overlooked. The main purpose of this book is to enable the reader to identify every possible source of sampling error in order to derive practical rules to (a) completely suppress avoidable errors, and (b) minimise and estimate the effect of unavoidable errors. In short, the degree of representativeness of the sample can be known by applying these rules. The scope covers the derivation of theories of probabilistic sampling and of bed-blending from a complete theory of heterogeneity which is based on an original, very thorough, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the concepts of homogeneity and heterogeneity. All sampling errors result from the existence of one form or another of heterogeneity. Sampling theory is derived from the theory of heterogeneity by application of a probabilistic operator to a material whose heterogeneity has been characterized either by a simple scalar (a variance: zero-dimensional batches) or by a function (a variogram: one-dimensional batches). A theory of bed-blending (one-dimensional homogenizing) is then easily derived from the sampling theory. The book should be of interest to all analysts and to those dealing with quality, process control and monitoring, either for technical or for commercial purposes, and mineral processing. Although this book is primarily aimed at graduates, large portions of it are suitable for teaching sampling theory to undergraduates as it contains many practical examples provided by the author's 30-year experience as an international consultant. The book also contains useful source material for short courses in Industry.

Scanning transmission electron microscopy has become a mainstream technique for imaging and analysis at atomic resolution and sensitivity, and the authors of this book are widely credited with bringing the field to its present popularity. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy(STEM): Imaging and Analysis will provide a comprehensive explanation of the theory and practice of STEM from introductory to advanced levels, covering the instrument, image formation and scattering theory, and definition and measurement of resolution for both imaging and analysis. The authors will present examples of the use of combined imaging and spectroscopy for solving materials problems in a variety of fields, including condensed matter physics, materials science, catalysis, biology, and nanoscience. Therefore this will be a comprehensive reference for those working in applied fields wishing to use the technique, for graduate students learning microscopy for the first time, and for specialists in other fields of microscopy.