Farmhouse Ales defines the results of years of evolution, refinement, of simple rustic ales in modern and historical terms, while guiding today's brewers toward credible—and enjoyable—reproductions of these old world classics.

Until now, there has been very little research into the use of online dictionaries. In contrast, the market for online dictionaries is increasing both for academic lexicography and for commercial lexicography, with sales figures for printed reference works in continual decline. This has led to a demand for reliable empirical information on how online dictionaries are actually being used and how they could be made more user-friendly. The volume Using Online Dictionaries makes a substantial contribution to closing this research gap. It is divided into four parts: The first part contains articles on fundamental issues: a research review of the empirical studies on digital dictionaries which have already been carried out, and a brief methodological guideline for lexicographical researchers who are interested in conducting their own empirical research. The second part contains the results of two studies that focus on general questions about the use of online dictionaries. It presents empirical data on contexts of dictionary use, on expectations and demands regarding online dictionaries. Furthermore, innovative features, such as the use of multimedia elements or the option of a user-adaptive interface and questions of design were assessed empirically. The third part of this volume comprises more specific studies of online dictionaries: an eye-tracking study evaluating the new web design of the dictionary portal OWID and a log file study which tries to get to the bottom of the following question: Do dictionary users look up frequent words, or put differently, is there a connection between how often a word is looked up and how often it appears in a corpus? In the last chapter of this thematic section, the question of how users judge the combination of a written paraphrase and an additional illustration in illustrated online dictionaries is addressed. The last part focuses on the use of monolingual dictionaries, in particular the German online dictionary elexiko. In this context, two online questionnaire-based studies were carried out. The empirical studies were conducted in the form of online surveys combining questionnaires and experimental elements and in the form of laboratory studies using eye-tracking technology as well as using observational methods such as log file analyses. Regarding the comprehensive research framework, this volume can be relevant to lexicographers, metalexicographers and linguists who are interested in the use of (online) dictionaries and in the development and exploration of lexicographical data for the internet, as well as linguists interested in empirical methods. It addresses a broad expert audience by presenting an academic subject which is currently the focus of much discussion.

This book analyzes the top management of leading Japanese enterprises. Drawing on the work of Alfred Chandler, Morikawa demonstrates the difference between family-owned firms and professionally managed firms.

J.M.G. Le Clézio et la métaphore exotique propose une analyse détaillée et approfondie de l'oeuvre de J.M.G. Le Clézio, prix Nobel de littérature 2008. La question de la « métaphore exotique » sert ici de fil conducteur et permet d'éclairer le corpus leclézien d'un triple point de vue textuel, anthropologique et psychanalytique. L'inscription problématique de l'espace et du voyage domine en effet toute la production littéraire de Le Clézio; et cette inscription s'accompagne d'une certaine ambiguïté générique. D'une part l'analyse montre que l'écriture du voyage fonctionne chez Le Clézio, comme chez Segalen, comme une « écriture des limites », c'est-à-dire comme un déplacement du sujet et du sens. Mais d'autre part l'analyse montre que l'écriture du voyage dessine chez Le Clézio un rapport singulier et ambivalent à l'espace postmoderne, au désenchantement du monde et à la disparition des grands mythes fondateurs, interrogeant l'acte même de la création littéraire. A la fois humaniste et antidogmatique, l'oeuvre de J.M.G. Le Clézio se situe ainsi de façon originale dans les marges des grands mouvements littéraires du XXe et du XXIe siècle, du Nouveau Roman des années 60 à la « littérature-monde » d'aujourd'hui.

Oregon and Washington have been leaders in the craft beer boom that began in the 1980s. The number of craft breweries and brewpubs in the U.S. has increased dramatically in recent years--almost 4700 were doing business as of mid-2016. Much of this growth has taken place in the metropolitan areas of Portland and Seattle and in sizable cities like Eugene, Salem, Spokane and Tacoma. Yet many breweries have opened in villages and small towns. The author visits more than three dozen in this exploration of the vibrant craft brew scene along the coast of the Pacific Northwest. Profiles of brewers and owners and descriptions of breweries and their settings are provided, along with tasting notes on more than 200 beers.