Wireless Sensor Networks have a wide range of applications in different areas. Their main constraint is the limited and irreplaceable power source of the sensor nodes. In many applications, energy conservation of the sensor nodes and their replacement or replenishment due to the hostile nature of the environment is the most challenging issue. Energy efficient clustering and routing are the two main important topics studied extensively for this purpose. This book focuses on the energy efficient clustering and routing with a great emphasis on the evolutionary approaches. It provides a comprehensive and systematic introduction of the fundamentals of WSNs, major issues and effective solutions.

A one-stop resource for the use of algorithms and protocols in wireless sensor networks From an established international researcher in the field, this edited volume provides readers with comprehensive coverage of the fundamental algorithms and protocols for wireless sensor networks. It identifies the research that needs to be conducted on a number of levels to design and assess the deployment of wireless sensor networks, and provides an in-depth analysis of the development of the next generation of heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Divided into nineteen succinct chapters, the book covers: mobility management and resource allocation algorithms; communication models; energy and power consumption algorithms; performance modeling and simulation; authentication and reputation mechanisms; algorithms for wireless sensor and mesh networks; and algorithm methods for pervasive and ubiquitous computing; among other topics. Complete with a set of challenging exercises, this book is a valuable resource for electrical engineers, computer engineers, network engineers, and computer science specialists. Useful for instructors and students alike, Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks is an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in computer science, electrical engineering,and network engineering.

1.1 Network Two or more computers are connecting with each other for sharing resources is known as network. A group or system of interconnected people or networks. Computer world, the term network means two or more connected computers that can share resources like data and applications, office machines, an internet connection (IC) (Figure 1.1).

This book provides a systematic introduction to the fundamental concepts, major challenges, and effective solutions for Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Unlike other books on the topic, it focuses on the networking aspects of WSNs, discussing the most important networking issues, including network architecture design, medium access control, routing and data dissemination, node clustering, node localization, query processing, data aggregation, transport and quality of service, time synchronization, and network security. Featuring contributions from researchers, this book strikes a balance between fundamental concepts and new technologies, providing readers with unprecedented insights into WSNs from a networking perspective. It is essential reading for a broad audience, including academics, research engineers, and practitioners, particularly postgraduate/postdoctoral researchers and engineers in industry. It is also suitable as a textbook or supplementary reading for graduate computer engineering and computer science courses.

In recent years, the development of a large variety of mobile computing devices has led to wide scale deployment and use of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Networks consist of battery powered, tiny and cheap "motes", having sensing and wireless communication capabilities. Although wireless motes have limited battery power, communication and computation capabilities, the range of their application is vast. In the first part of the dissertation, we have addressed the specific application of Biomedical Sensor Networks. To solve the problem of data routing in these networks, we have proposed the Adaptive Least Temperature Routing (ALTR) algorithm that reduces the average temperature rise of the nodes in the in-vivo network while routing data efficiently. For delay sensitive biomedical applications, we proposed the Hotspot Preventing Routing (HPR) algorithm which avoids the formation of hotspots (regions having very high temperature) in the network. HPR forwards the packets using the shortest path, bypassing the regions of high temperature and thus significantly reduces the average packet delivery delay, making it suitable for real-time applications of in-vivo networks. We also proposed another routing algorithm suitable for being used in a network of id-less biomedical sensor nodes, namely Routing Algorithm for networks of homogeneous and Id-less biomedical sensor Nodes (RAIN). Finally we developed Biocomm, a cross-layer MAC and Routing protocol co-design for Biomedical Sensor Networks, which optimizes the overall performance of an in-vivo network through crosslayer interactions.

This book contains selected papers from the International Conference on Progress in Automotive Technologies (ICPAT) 2019. The contents focus on several aspects of the automobile industry from design to manufacture, and the challenges involved therein. The book covers latest research trends in the automotive domain including topics such as aerodynamic design, vehicle sensors and electronics, engine combustion modeling, noise and vibration in vehicles, electric and hybrid vehicles, automotive tribology, and battery and fuel cell technologies. The book highlights the use of emerging technologies to tackle the growing environmental challenges. This book will be of interest to students, researchers as well as professionals working in automotive engineering and allied fields.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Distributed Computing and Internet Technology, ICDCIT 2013, held in Bhubaneswar, India, in February 2013. The 40 full papers presented together with 5 invited talks in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 164 submissions. The papers cover various research aspects in distributed computing, internet technology, computer networks, and machine learning.