Roots of Brazil's Relative Economic Backwardness explains Brazil's development level in light of modern theories regarding economic growth and international economics. It focuses on both the proximate and fundamental causes of Brazil's slow development, turning currently dominant hypotheses upside down. To support its arguments, the book presents extensive statistical analysis of Brazilian long-term development, with some new series on per capita GDP, population ethnical composition, and human capital stock, among others. It is an important resource in the ongoing debate on the causes of Latin American underdeveloped economies. - Argues that low human capital accumulation is the major source of Brazilian relative underdevelopment - Considers class conflict as the major determinant of Brazil's historically low human capital accumulation and underdevelopment - Presents new statistical information about Brazilian early development

Brazil is a globally vital but troubled economy. This volume offers comprehensive insight into Brazil's economic development, focusing on its most salient characteristics and analyzing its structural features across various dimensions. This innovative Oxford Handbook provides an understanding of the economy's evolution over time and highlights the implications of the past trajectory and decisions for current challenges and opportunities. The opening section covers the country's economic history, beginning with the colonial economy, through import-substitution, to the era of neoliberalism. Second, it analyses Brazil's broader place in the global economy, and considers the ways in which this role has changed, and is likely to change, over coming years. Particular attention is given to the productive sectors of Brazil's economy, for example manufacturing, agriculture, services, energy, and infrastructure. In addition to discussions of regional differences within Brazil, socio-economic dimensions are examined. These include income distribution, human capital, environmental issues, and health. Also included is a discussion of Brazil in the world economy, such as the increase in "South-South" cooperation and trade as well as foreign direct investment. Last but not least is a discussion of the role of the Brazilian state in the economy, whether through state enterprises, competition policy, or corruption.

In this timely book, Benjamin J. Cohen identifies and analyses a range of critical pathologies currently afflicting the field of international political economy (IPE) and offers remedies to restore the field’s vitality. The book addresses the purpose of IPE as a field of study, highlighting the key questions posed by scholars since the modern field’s inception, and explores how research seeks to engage with politics in practice.

India is the second most populous country in the world. India’s economy is characterized by marginalization and exclusion due to social inequalities. Low rates of female participation in the labor force has also hampered the growth of the Indian economy. The majority of businesses in India are small-scale enterprises (SSEs). It does not have adequate skilled workers given that its system of offering vocational training is not tailor-made to address the specific needs of the informal or casual labor force which makes up for at least 90% of the total workers in India. State governments play a major role in the allocation of resources as they account for approximately 57% of total expenditure in India. Most Indian firms depend on politicians and public officials for resources supplied by the government to facilitate various aspects of their operations. Agriculture, manufacturing, and services are the main economic sectors in India. Therefore, they would provide a good indication of the economic health of the country. India has one of the largest service sectors in the world and is the export hub of software services. Its market share in the total global outsourcing market is approximately 55%. India’s middle class is expected to grow economically to account for 17% of the global consumption, which would be second largest in the world. Increase in the young working population is also expected to contribute towards the future growth of the manufacturing sector in India. India is the 7th largest country in the world in terms of national nominal GDPs. But, the GDP does not commensurate with the population it boasts of as the per capita income is very low and lesser than per capita income of Argentina, Malaysia,Mexico, and Nigeria. It is also the third largest economy in the world in terms of national purchasing power parity (PPP). However, India is striving to achieve economic development to match the economies of developed nations. India has a long way to go to match these economies. This book deals with the finer aspects of India’s GDP and introspects the reasons for its low GDP.

Volume III looks at the period of history in Latin America from independence to c.1870.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1963.

The transformation of Brazil from Portuguese colony to independent nation continues through Brazilian independence to the Paraguayan War, the age of reform (1870-1889) and The First Republic (1889-1930).