The ending of the decade of the seventies and the dawning of the eighties can be characterized as a period of great uncertainty with prospects for economic political instability. High inflation and fluctuating exchange rates in the de veloped Western world have served to strengthen the forces of disequilibrium in the fmancial markets, leading to an investment situation with several unusual but significant factors. Capital spending by business, leading to the creation of new jobs, has not been reduced substantially during this period of uncertainty, as happened in similar periods in the past. This is shown in part by the continuing low unemployment rates in evidence during the period, which are in contradic tion to the trend exhibited in similar past periods. The expanding financing re quirements resulting from high price inflation have led to an increase in the capital intensity of firms, and thus to enhanced sensitivity of their income streams to economic fluctuations. At the same time, the record high interest rates that companies have had to pay to acquire this inflated amount of capital have caused a deterioration in the safety or quality indica tors by which the creditworthiness of the firms is judged. These developments tend to increase vii viii INTRODUCTION the stakes involved in business decision making. One important repercussion of this is that greater attention is now being focused on improving the quality of investment decisions.

The Second Edition of this best-selling introduction for practitioners uses new material and updates to describe the changing environment for project finance. Integrating recent developments in credit markets with revised insights into making project finance deals, the second edition offers a balanced view of project financing by combining legal, contractual, scheduling, and other subjects. Its emphasis on concepts and techniques makes it critical for those who want to succeed in financing large projects. With extensive cross-references and a comprehensive glossary, the Second Edition presents anew a guide to the principles and practical issues that can commonly cause difficulties in commercial and financial negotiations. - Provides a basic introduction to project finance and its relationship with other financing techniques - Describes and explains: sources of project finance; typical commercial contracts (e.g., for construction of the project and sale of its product or services) and their effects on project-finance structures; project-finance risk assessment from the points of view of lenders, investors, and other project parties; how lenders and investors evaluate the risks and returns on a project; the rôle of the public sector in public-private partnerships and other privately-financed infrastructure projects; how all these issues are dealt with in the financing agreements

The book describes the different tools and techniques available to anyone who is engaged in providing funding or advice to a project. Project finance is ultimately about applying three basic principles to a funding situation and from these three, all the other ideas flow including contracts. First, there needs to be a cash flow coming from the project that is capable of being captured by finance providers. Second, there needs to be a group of assets that can be segregated and contained by making sure they cannot be taken away by other parties and thirdly there needs to be a risk envelope that is well understood and managed dynamically during the project's life. To do this, a network of contracts must exist to support the rights of the different stakeholders and their legal claims on the project. In this book the authors examine all of these aspects and provide some examples/mini-cases of project structures and approaches. The book begins and ends with a longer case study of two projects that were standalone examples of project financing and controversial for different reasons at the time of their fundraising.Bundle Set: Project Financing (Analyzing and Structuring Projects & Financial Instruments and Risk Management)

Financial Management 1. Introduction to Financial Management, 2. Organisation and Functions of Financial Management, 3. Capital Structure : Concept and Theories, 4. Operating and Financial Leverages, 5. Capital Budgeting, 6. Dividend Policy, Investment Management 1. Security and Investment : A General Introduction, 2. Portfolio Management, 3. Investment Environment and Organisation/Media, 4. The Investment Process and Outlets, 5. Credit Rating, 6. Risk and Return—Concept and Analysis, 7. The Making of Portfolio, 8. Portfolio Analysis and Diversification, 9. Portfolio—Markowitz Model, 10. Fundamental Analysis, 11. Technical Analysis, 12. Indian Stock Market-I (Primary Market), 13. Indian Stock Market-II (Secondary Market), 14. Regulation of Indian Stock Exchanges, 15. National Stock Exchanges (NSE), 16. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).