Rewriting the Middle Ages in the Twentieth Century offers analytical introductions to the biographical and academic trajectories as well as the scholarly contributions of the most important medievalists of the 20th century, privileging the contexts in which their influential texts in modern medieval studies were articulated and their effect on subsequent approaches to the field. The volume pays tribute to the medievalists-historians, philologists, literary critics, philosophers, historians of art and science, and theologians-whose work effectively forged contemporary academics and acknowledges a debt of gratitude for the trail they blazed in the twentieth century. An introductory essay provides a comprehensive examination of the development of historiographical perspectives on medieval studies as shaped by the subjects of the volume, contextualizing the individual chapters and offering a critical reconsideration of the manifold ways in which medievalism has been inscribed. The chapters in the book develop from interdisciplinary and transversal strategies which reflect the kind of originative work enacted by both the subjects of the volume and the scholars who write about them. The contributors include renowned international medievalists and historiographers as Martin Aurell, Paul Freedman, Natalie Fryde, Alessandro Ghisalberti, Massimo Mastrogregori, Michael McVaugh, Jean-Calude Schmitt, and Martin Thurner. A concluding essay summarizes the place of the medievalists in relation to their professional identity, to the time in which they worked, and to the national spaces that marked their scholarly production. Among the medievalists studied are the leading exponents of the influential French historical school of the Annales, Marc Bloch, Jacques Le Goff and Georges Duby; representatives from the highest philosophical tradition, including Raymond Klibansky, Albert Zimmermann, and Clemens Baeumker; economic and trade historian Roberto Sabatino Lopez; historians of political thought like Ernst Kantorowicz; exponents from the classical school of legal and institutional history such as Francois Louis Ganshof and Frederic William Maitland; pioneering cultural historian Charles Homer Haskins; historians of theology and Christian philosophy Etienne Gilson and Marie-Dominique Chenu; members of the Spanish historical and philological school that include Ramon Menendez Pidal, Rafael Lapesa, and Claudio Sanchez de Albornoz and, in Catalonia, Ferran Soldevila; and finally, from lesser known but equally fascinating fields of medieval studies like the science historian Pierre Duhem and the music historian Ugo Sesini.

"The second volume of the collection, centred on "National Traditions", is focused on eighteen medievalists who have been significant in diverse countries in the development of both medievalism and national identity. Medievalism has been closely united to national traditions since its beginning, and this book contributes to our understanding of this phenomenon. Romantic intellectuals' attraction to the medieval period largely explains the influence of medievalism in the formation of contemporary national identities, as from the 19th century, medievalists have also functioned as intellectuals present in the public debate. In the 20th century, important scholars of the Middle Ages, some of whom are studied in this volume, had already become authentic "national chroniclers", consolidators of the identities of the countries to which they felt closely linked both intellectually and emotionally. They actively participated in debates that exceeded strictly academic limits, delving into a wide range of political and cultural issues.".

The Middle Ages, in our cultural imagination, are besieged with ideas of wars, tournaments, plagues, saints and kings, knights, lords and ladies. In his era-defining work, Inventing the Middle Ages, Norman Cantor shows that these presuppositions are in fact constructs of the twentieth century. Through close study of the lives and works of twenty of the twentieth century's most prominent medievalists, Cantor examines how the genesis of this fantasy arose in the scholars' spiritual and emotional outlooks, which influenced their portrayals of the Middle Ages. In the course of this vigorous scrutiny of their scholarship, he navigates the strong personalities and creative minds involved with deft skill. Written with both students and the general public in mind, Inventing the Middle Ages provided an alternative framework for the teaching of the humanities. Revealing the interconnection between medieval civilisation, the culture of the twentieth century and our own assumptions, Cantor provides a unique standpoint both forwards and backwards. As lively and engaging today as when it was first published in 1991, his analysis offers readers the core essentials of the subject in an entertaining and humorous fashion.

Thomas Frederick Tout (1855-1929) was arguably the most prolific English medieval historian of the early twentieth century. The son of an unsuccessful publican, he was described at his Oxford scholarship exam as 'uncouth and untidy'; however he went on to publish hundreds of books throughout his distinguished career with a legacy that extended well beyond the academy. Tout pioneered the use of archival research, welcomed women into academia and augmented the University of Manchester's growing reputation for pioneering research. This book presents the first full assessment of Tout's life and work, from his early career at Lampeter, to his work in Manchester and his wide-ranging service to the study of history. Selected essays take a fresh and critical look at Tout's own historical writing and discuss how his research shaped, and continues to shape, our understanding of the middle ages, particularly the fourteenth century. The book concludes with a personal reflection on Tout by his grandson, Tom Sharp.

This is the third volume of the series "Rewriting the Middle Ages in the Twentieth Century", focused this time the medieval political thought. This book offers an overview of the national and transnational traditions of the historiography and studies the main questions and the background of this discipline in the last century. Essays for this new volume focus on the subjects life, intellectual and academic training; discuss major works and historiographical heritage; and locate the medievalists who have contributed to the better understanding of medieval political thought, through their work in medieval studies. This interdisciplinary resource aims to include medievalists from different fields: history, art, literature, theology, among others.

Threatened Knowledge discusses the practices of knowing, not-knowing, and not wanting to know from the Middle Ages to the twentieth century. In times of "fake news", processes of forgetting and practices of non-knowledge have sparked the interest of historical and sociological research. The common ground between all the contributions in this volume is the assumption that knowledge does not simply increase over time and thus supplant phases of not-knowing. Moreover, the contributions show that knowing and not-knowing function in very similar ways, which means they can be analysed along similar methodological lines. Given the implied juxtaposition between emotions and rational thinking, the role of emotions in the process of knowledge production has often been trivialized in more traditional approaches to the subject. Through a broad geographical and chronological approach, spanning from prognostic texts in the Carolingian period to stock market speculation in early-twentieth-century United States, this volume demonstrates the important role of emotions in the history of science. By bringing together cultural historians of knowledge, emotions, finance, and global intellectual history, Threatened Knowledge is a useful tool for all students and scholars of the history of knowledge and science on a global scale.

Annotations in modern books are a phenomenon that often causes disapproval: we are not supposed to draw, doodle, underline, or highlight in our books. In many medieval manuscripts, however, the pages are filled with annotations around the text and in-between the lines. In some cases, a 'white space' around the text is even laid out to contain extra text, pricked and ruled for the purpose. Just as footnotes are an approved and standard part of the modern academic book, so the flyleaves, margins, and interlinear spaces of many medieval manuscripts are an invitation to add extra text. This volume focuses on annotation in the early medieval period. In treating manuscripts as mirrors of the medieval minds who created them - reflecting their interests, their choices, their practices - the essays explore a number of key topics. Are there certain genres in which the making of annotations seems to be more appropriate or common than in others? Are there genres in which annotating is 'not done'? Are there certain monastic centres in which annotating practices flourish, and from which they spread? The volume thus investigates whether early medieval annotators used specific techniques, perhaps identifiable with their scribal communities or schools. It explores what annotators actually sought to accomplish with their annotations, and how the techniques of annotating developed over time and per region.