Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and -furans (PCDDs and PCDFs) are potent environmental toxins. Environmental exposures to these compounds in part-per-billion (ppb) and part-per-trillion (ppt) concentrations are of particular interest. These exposures may arise from bleached paper products, paper production process sludge, effluent waste water from paper plants, consumption of food and water from contaminated sources and contact to paper products.

This report describes an analytical methodology developed in support of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. The methodology is used to identify and quantify trace amounts of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in pulp and paper mill effluents. The method detection limit depends on sample matrix characteristics and can be as low as 2-20 pg/L (parts per quadrillion) for PCDD and PCDF cogeners. The report describes sample collection, extraction, cleanup, chromatographic separation, and identification and quantification of tetra- through octa-CDD/CDF cogeners, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TCDF).

The third edition of Introduction to Environmental Forensics is a state-of-the-art reference for the practicing environmental forensics consultant, regulator, student, academic, and scientist, with topics including compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA), advanced multivariate statistical techniques, surrogate approaches for contaminant source identification and age dating, dendroecology, hydrofracking, releases from underground storage tanks and piping, and contaminant-transport modeling for forensic applications. Recognized international forensic scientists were selected to author chapters in their specific areas of expertise and case studies are included to illustrate the application of these methods in actual environmental forensic investigations. This edition provides updates on advances in various techniques and introduces several new topics. - Provides a comprehensive review of all aspects of environmental forensics - Coverage ranges from emerging statistical methods to state-of-the-art analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry and polytopic vector analysis - Numerous examples and case studies are provided to illustrate the application of these forensic techniques in environmental investigations

Extensively revised and updated, Handbook of Water Analysis, Second Edition provides current analytical techniques for detecting compounds in water samples. Maintaining the detailed and accessible style of the original, this edition demonstrates water sampling and preservation methods by enumerating different ways to measure chemical and radiologic