TRB¿s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 6: Research Needs Associated with Particulate Emissions at Airports examines the state of industry research on aviation-related particulate matter emissions and explores knowledge gaps that existing research has not yet bridged.

TRB¿s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 7: Aircraft and Airport-Related Hazardous Air Pollutants: Research Needs and Analysis examines the state of the latest research on aviation-related hazardous air pollutants emissions and explores knowledge gaps that existing research has not yet bridged.

This report is a guide for airport operators on effective procedures for using air quality models in combination with on-site measurement equipment to prepare a comprehensive assessment of air pollutant concentrations in the vicinity of airports. It is designed to help practitioners generate information desired by local communities as they seek to develop more detailed local air quality assessments as well as respond to regulatory needs, including those of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The guide provides in-depth information on the capabilities and limitations of modeling and measurement tools, adding to an increasing knowledge base concerning preparation of air quality assessments near airports. Starting with the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) regulatory EDMS/AEDT, it describes how best to use available models, in combination with potential on-site monitoring programs, to conduct air quality assessments. Detailed information on the monitoring campaigns and modeling assessments is included in a set of appendices that accompany the guide. The appendices (available in CRP-CD-115) describe the models tested and the various equipment used to collect data, the rationale behind the selection of Washington Dulles International Airport as a case study application, and the components and steps involved in the measurement campaigns, and include an assessment of the various model outputs--

New National Ambient Air Quality Standards for airborne particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, called PM2.5, were issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) amidst scientific uncertainty and controversy. In response to a request from Congress, Research Priorities for Airborne Particulate Matter, the first of four books in a series, offers a conceptual framework for an integrated national program of particulate-matter research, identifies the 10 most critical research needs linked to key policy-related scientific uncertainties, and describes the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. The committee concludes that EPA should devote more resources to investigating the relationships between fixed-site outdoor monitoring data and actual human breathing-zone exposures to ambient particulate matter and to identifying the most biologically important constituents and characteristics of particulate matter through toxicological studies. The recommended research activities are critical to determining actual exposures of human subpopulations most susceptible to harm from the most hazardous constituents of particulate matter. Future research will be an investment in public health and a means to ensure that resources spent on control technology and regulatory compliance will have a reasonable probability of success.

Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. - Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP's public health impacts - Examines TRAP's health effects at the population level - Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP - Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects

In 1997, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established regulatory standards to address health risks posed by inhaling tiny particles from smoke, vehicle exhaust, and other sources. At the same time, Congress and the EPA began a multimillion dollar research effort to better understand the sources of these airborne particles, the levels of exposure to people, and the ways that these particles cause disease. To provide independent guidance to the EPA, Congress asked the National Research Council to study the relevant issues. The result was a series of four reports on the particulate-matter research program. The first two books offered a conceptual framework for a national research program, identified the 10 most critical research needs, and described the recommended timing and estimated costs of such research. The third volume began the task of assessing initial progress made in implementing the research program. This, the fourth and final volume, gauged research progress made over a 5-year period on each of the 10 research topics. The National Research Council concludes that particulate matter research has led to a better understanding of the health effects caused by tiny airborne particles. However, the EPA, in concert with other agencies, should continue research to reduce further uncertainties and inform long-term decisions.