Abstract at end: 12 leaves.

Abstract at end: 8 leaves.

The conflict between how much athletic ability is rooted in individual genetics as opposed to the influence of training and other factors is often expressed as "nature versus nurture." Although precise attribution between athletic nature and nurture are impossible, it is a generally accepted sport science proposition that genes represent approximately 50%% of athletic variation in performance, with 50%% attributable to both the individual athlete's response to training, as well as social factors, such as the support provided to the athlete in pursuit of his or her goals.

Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.

Cricket is basically a bat and ball game being played between two teams of eleven players. It is one of the oldest sports in the world and has it origin in 16th century in England. The expansion of British Empire spread this one's colonial recreational sport into a spirited game to all corners. Today cricket seems to be a virtual lifeline of many commonwealth nations. Cricket is the game in which each teams has to bowl and bat according to certain rules and regulations.

Abstract at end: 7 leaves.