We have entered a period in history where the amount of existing building stock available for renovation is becoming equal to new construction. Yet there is currently little attempt in the profession to integrate the technologies of today with the existing buildings of tomorrow. On one hand, we acknowledge that we cannot simply keep building new buildings; we must find ways to effectively use what we already have. On the other hand, we continue to find ways to design new sustainable buildings that extend beyond just energy efficiency with innovative technologies. Either we engineer the most sustainable building with the most cutting edge techniques using smart materials and renewable energies; or we find ways to adaptively reuse what exists but rarely do the two camps overlap. However, the situation of forcing the two positions together is a sticky one. The appropriateness of intervening in Historic structures has been debated long before the topic of sustainability became popular. Since 1977, when The Secretary of the Interior's Standards were issued, the means by which we reuse an existing structure have been monitored. The interpretation of these standards, have made it difficult to make an existing historic structure efficient enough to sustain its operating costs. Yet, the irony of the situation is that when we talk about the larger picture of sustainability all arrows point to reuse as the answer. Urban density and connectivity, embodied energy, and the social and cultural value of a historic building make it a model example of sustainable development. In the materials science and engineering world, advancements in smart materials and systems are being made, which begin to address the true nature of sustainability. Not just energy efficiency, but creating closed-loop systems and utilizing smart materials. However, it is not often that these materials and technologies are designed for existing structures or communities. Not only do the aesthetics of the products not fit, but at a very preliminary level they are not designed with retrofitting in mind. In many ways, the disconnect between the innovation of materials and problems within the building industry, is due to a lack of collaboration between disciplines. Designers do not fully understand the capacity of new materials and technologies, and engineers continue to innovate without understanding the applications of their innovations. In order to create places that encourage this type of collaboration we need to design with dynamic work spaces in mind. As a framework for my research I will discuss the current views and obstacles with preservation, the history of building materials, smart materials and technologies and their dynamic capabilities, and adaptable and collaborative programs in the contemporary work place. From these four areas I will develop a methodology for categorizing and selecting the appropriate smart material for a given situation. This methodology will then be applied to historic structure in Over the Rhine as a case study for integrating smart materials and technologies with traditional construction. The program for the case study will be a research and development center for new materials.

Immunodermatology is a field covering the majority of skin diseases, including the most prevalent onesin the general population. The Second Edition of Skin Immune System (SIS) discusses immune-mediated skin diseases and disease groups in which the SIS plays a role. It covers major findings in immunophysiology and immunopathology that have occurred since the introduction of the First Edition in 1990. As the subtitle indicates, the Second Edition adds a new emphasis on cutaneous immunology, and also includes new information on immune-based therapeutic interventions and methods, such as phototherapy and the immunological therapy of skin cancer. The book contains Part I, with introductory chapters; Part II, with descriptions of the cellular elements; and Part III, which describes the humoral and molecular components of SIS. Part IV follows to integrate the facts described in Parts II and III into concepts of pathophysiology. It contains a number of concepts entitled "response patterns" that describe how the constitutional elements of SIS work together. New in this edition are the descriptions of immunodermatological diseases individually described in Part V. Part VI is also all new and summarizes principles of immunotherapy.

Some architects dream of 3D-printing houses. Some even fantasise about 3D-printing entire cities. But what is the real potential of 3D printing for architects? This issue focuses on another strand of 3D-printing practice emerging among architects operating at a much smaller scale that is potentially more significant. Several architects have been working with the fashion industry to produce some exquisitely designed 3D-printed wearables. Other architects have been 3D-printing food, jewellery and other items at the scale of the human body. But what is the significance of this work? And how do these 3D-printed body-scale items relate to the discipline of architecture? Are they merely a distraction from the real business of the architect? Or do they point towards a new form of proto-architecture – like furniture, espresso makers and pavilions before them – that tests out architectural ideas and explores tectonic properties at a smaller scale? Or does this work constitute an entirely new arena of design? In other words, is 3D printing at the human scale to be seen as a new genre of 'body architecture'? This issue contains some of the most exciting work in this field today, and seeks to chart and analyse its significance. Contributors include: Paola Antonelli/MoMA, Francis Bitonti, Niccolo Casas, Behnaz Farahi, Madeline Gannon, Eric Goldemberg/MONAD Studio, Kyle von Hasseln/3D Systems Culinary Lab, Rem D Koolhaas, Julia Kӧrner, Neil Leach, Steven Ma/Xuberance, Neri Oxman/MIT Media Lab, Ronald Rael and Virginia San Fratello, Gilles Retsin, Jessica Rosenkrantz/Nervous System, and Patrik Schumacher/Zaha Hadid Architects.

Soft robotics is an emerging field that approaches robots in new ways, enabling them to operate in environments that are unstructured or unstable and to perform tasks that require delicacy and malleability. It's all about engineering with soft materials -- silicone, cloth, balloons, flexible plastics -- and combining them in different ways to come up with novel, approachable, and surprising solutions to interesting problems. This book introduces soft-robotics concepts to students, inventors, and makers with easy-to-understand explanations and hands-on DIY projects. The projects use a wide range of tools and techniques -- including microcontrollers, 3D printing, laser cutting, mold making, casting, and heat sealing -- to create intriguing soft robots and devices. It is tinkering at its finest! Code samples can be found at github.com/gianteye/makesoftrobots. World's first DIY project book on soft robotics Written by designers working on the forefront of the field Approaches projects from simple introductions to more complex designs that build on what you know Explore robotics using novel materials and techniques you can apply to challenges far outside of robotics Soft robotics DIY projects that are relatively affordable, accessible and achievable. Explore and build creations from the brand new emerging field of robotics Provides context on the field of soft robotics alongside hands-on learning Teaches skills frequently overlooked Projects that are aesthetically appealing and novel Foreword by Chris Atkeson, whose research directly inspired the design of Big Hero 6's Baymax

Advances in Engineering Materials, Structures and Systems: Innovations, Mechanics and Applications comprises 411 papers that were presented at SEMC 2019, the Seventh International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, held in Cape Town, South Africa, from 2 to 4 September 2019. The subject matter reflects the broad scope of SEMC conferences, and covers a wide variety of engineering materials (both traditional and innovative) and many types of structures. The many topics featured in these Proceedings can be classified into six broad categories that deal with: (i) the mechanics of materials and fluids (elasticity, plasticity, flow through porous media, fluid dynamics, fracture, fatigue, damage, delamination, corrosion, bond, creep, shrinkage, etc); (ii) the mechanics of structures and systems (structural dynamics, vibration, seismic response, soil-structure interaction, fluid-structure interaction, response to blast and impact, response to fire, structural stability, buckling, collapse behaviour); (iii) the numerical modelling and experimental testing of materials and structures (numerical methods, simulation techniques, multi-scale modelling, computational modelling, laboratory testing, field testing, experimental measurements); (iv) innovations and special structures (nanostructures, adaptive structures, smart structures, composite structures, bio-inspired structures, shell structures, membranes, space structures, lightweight structures, long-span structures, tall buildings, wind turbines, etc); (v) design in traditional engineering materials (steel, concrete, steel-concrete composite, aluminium, masonry, timber, glass); (vi) the process of structural engineering (conceptualisation, planning, analysis, design, optimization, construction, assembly, manufacture, testing, maintenance, monitoring, assessment, repair, strengthening, retrofitting, decommissioning). The SEMC 2019 Proceedings will be of interest to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and aerospace engineers. Researchers, developers, practitioners and academics in these disciplines will find them useful. Two versions of the papers are available. Short versions, intended to be concise but self-contained summaries of the full papers, are in this printed book. The full versions of the papers are in the e-book.

The accessibility of the skin in vivo has resulted in the development of non-invasive methods in the past 40 years that offer accurate measurements of skin properties and structures from microscopic to macroscopic levels. However, the mechanisms involved in these properties are still only partly understood. Similar to many other domains, including

In this Urban Corporis volume, ?The city and the skin?, we asked the authors to read, define and interpret the role of the skin as a facade, as a protection, as a compositional image of urban revelation. Without formal restrictions, without ethical preconceptions: the skin as part of the building designed to mediate the relationship. The architectural skin, understood as the technological system of delimitation between architectural space and unbuilt environment, can be analyzed as a boundary system between interior and exterior, the most evident expression of the identity of an artifact. In this dual role of border and interface, receptive as active, the skin of an architecture (seen also through art) is charged with a double value: an element of covering and protection and, at the same time, a tool of relationship and interface, in fact, towards the external world.