Reproduction of the original.

"Reflections on the Decline of Science in England, and on Some of Its Causes" is a book written by Charles Babbage, a prominent English mathematician, philosopher, and inventor. The book addresses Babbage's concerns about the state of scientific research and development in England during that time. Babbage examines the factors he believed were contributing to the decline of scientific progress in his country. He criticizes the lack of support and funding for scientific endeavors, the absence of scientific societies and institutions, and the limited opportunities for scientific education and advancement. Babbage argues that the decline in scientific pursuits has adverse consequences for society as a whole. He asserts that scientific progress is essential for national prosperity, technological advancement, and intellectual growth. Babbage emphasizes the importance of nurturing a scientific culture and providing adequate resources and infrastructure to support scientific research. Furthermore, Babbage reflects on the broader implications of the decline of science in England. He explores the impact on various fields, including industry, agriculture, and the overall well-being of the nation. Babbage expresses his concerns about England's position in the global scientific community and the potential consequences of falling behind other nations in scientific achievements.

Charles Babbage was a key figure of a great era of British history. Best remembered for his pioneering Difference and Analytical Engines, forerunners of the modern computer, Babbage was also an active reformer of science and society.

It cannot have escaped the attention of those, whose acquirements enable them to judge, and who have had opportunities of examining the state of science in other countries, that in England, particularly with respect to the more difficult and abstract sciences, we are much below other nations, not merely of equal rank, but below several even of inferior power. That a country, eminently distinguished for its mechanical and manufacturing ingenuity, should be indifferent to the progress of inquiries which form the highest departments of that knowledge on whose more elementary truths its wealth and rank depend, is a fact which is well deserving the attention of those who shall inquire into the causes that influence the progress of nations.

Psychological Science Under Scrutiny explores a range of contemporary challenges to the assumptions and methodologies of psychology, in order to encourage debate and ground the discipline in solid science. Discusses the pointed challenges posed by critics to the field of psychological research, which have given pause to psychological researchers across a broad spectrum of sub-fields Argues that those conducting psychological research need to fundamentally change the way they think about data and results, in order to ensure that psychology has a firm basis in empirical science Places the recent challenges discussed into a broad historical and conceptual perspective, and considers their implications for the future of psychological methodology and research Challenges discussed include confirmation bias, the effects of grant pressure, false-positive findings, overestimating the efficacy of medications, and high correlations in functional brain imaging Chapters are authored by internationally recognized experts in their fields, and are written with a minimum of specialized terminology to ensure accessibility to students and lay readers