Runyon Heights, a community in Yonkers, New York, has been populated by middle-class African Americans for nearly a century. This book—the first history of a black middle-class community—tells the story of Runyon Heights, which sheds light on the process of black suburbanization and the ways in which residential development in the suburbs has been shaped by race and class. Relying on both interviews with residents and archival research, Bruce D. Haynes describes the progressive stages in the life of the community and its inhabitants and the factors that enabled it to form in the first place and to develop solidarity, identity and political consciousness. He shows how residents came to recognize common political interests within the community, how racial consciousness provided an axis for social solidarity as well as partial insulation from racial slights, and how the suburb afforded these middle-class residents a degree of physical and social distance from the ghetto. As Haynes explores the history of Runyon Heights, we learn the ways in which its black middle class dealt with the tensions between the political interests of race and the material interests of class.

Publisher description

Learn to apply new digital design technologies at your own firm with this practical and insightful resource Digital Sketching: Computer-Aided Conceptual Design delivers a comprehensive and insightful examination of how architects and other design professionals can best use digital design technology to become better designers. Celebrated professional, professor, and author John Bacus provides readers with practical and timely information on emerging digital design technologies and their effect on professional practice. By focusing on the big picture, this rigorous survey of conceptual design technology offers professionals realistic strategies for reclaiming time for design in the ever increasing speed of project delivery. This book helps architects (and others like them) learn to use digital sketching techniques to be better designers, right from the project’s very first sketch. As part of the groundbreaking Practical Revolutions series of books, Digital Sketching furthers the conversation of the practical deployment of emerging technologies in the building industries. This book provides readers with the information they need to evaluate digital design technology and decide whether or not to adopt and integrate it into their own processes. Readers will receive: An accelerated and accessible introduction to a highly technical topic Practical and applicable guidance on how to adapt a firm’s business to adopt new technology without losing the benefit of existing intuition, skill, and experience. Real world implementations of specific techniques in the form of illuminating case studies that include results and lessons learned Perfect for professional architectural designers, Digital Sketching also belongs on the bookshelves of interior designers, landscape architects, urban planners, contractors, and specialty fabricators of every kind. A disciplined sketching practice, especially through the digital methods discussed in this book, is a transformational benefit to anyone who designs and builds for a living.