Child of materialism and positivism, Courbet was without a doubt one of the most complex painters of the nineteenth century. Symbolising the rejection of traditions, Courbet did not hesitate to confront the public with the truth by liberating painting of conventional rules. He became from then on the leader of pictorial realism.

Madame Bovary is the French writer Gustave Flaubert's debut novel. The story focuses on a doctor's wife, Emma Bovary, who has adulterous affairs and lives beyond her means in order to escape the banalities and emptiness of provincial life. Though the basic plot is rather simple, even archetypal, the novel's true art lies in its details and hidden patterns. Flaubert was a notorious perfectionist and claimed always to be searching for le mot juste ("the precise word"). Long established as one of the greatest novels ever written, the book has often been described as a "perfect" work of fiction. Henry James writes: "Madame Bovary has a perfection that not only stamps it, but that makes it stand almost alone; it holds itself with such a supreme unapproachable assurance as both excites and defies judgment." Giorgio de Chirico said that in his opinion "from the narrative point of view, the most perfect book is Madame Bovary by Flaubert".

Poetry. Translated from the French by Peter Manson. THE POEMS IN VERSE is Peter Manson's translation of The Poésies of Stéphane Mallarmé. Long overshadowed by Mallarmé's theoretical writings and by his legendary visual poem "Un coup de Dés jamais n'abolira le Hasard," the Poésies are lyrics of a uniquely prescient and generative modernity. Grounded in a scrupulous sounding of the complex ambiguities of the original poems, Manson's English translations draw on the resources of the most innovative poetries of our own time these may be the first translations really to trust the English language to bear the full weight of Mallarméan complexity. With THE POEMS IN VERSE, Mallarmé's voice is at last brought back, with all its incisive strangeness, into the conversation it started a hundred and fifty years ago, called contemporary poetry."

This publication aims to provide a valuable and practical tool for those countries where court decisions in the copyright domain are scarce or non-existent - either because copyright law is a fairly new phenomenon or because legislation has not been extensively applied. To that effect,this publication examines a carefully selected number of court decisions illustrating general principles of copyright law, drawn from common law, civil law and the legislative systems of Arab countries. As the basic principles illustrated here are to a large extent commonly shared, many of the cases presented have a wider relevance, going beyond the confines of the legal system of which they form a part. L'objet du présent recueil est d'offrir un outil précieux et commode aux pays dont la jurisprudence en matière de droit d'auteur est restreinte ou inexistante, soit parce que le droit d'auteur est une réalité relativement nouvelle pour eux, soit parce que la législation en vigueur dans ce domaine n'a pas été largement appliquée. À cette fin, le présent ouvrage expose un certain nombre de décisions de justice, soigneusement sélectionnées, qui illustrent les principes généraux du droit d'auteur et qui émanent de la common law, du droit civil et des systèmes législatifs des pays arabes. Compte tenu de la valeur quasi universelle de ces principes fondamentaux, la pertinence des cas présentés va bien souvent au-delà des limites du système juridique dont ils relèvent.