Due to its stable physical and chemical properties and its abundance in nature, quartz is widely employed in industrial and high-tech applications. However, the presence of diverse types and states of impurities in quartz ores from different geological formations poses a challenge in the process of purifying high-purity quartz, leading to wastage of raw materials and escalated costs. This study presents the socio-economic applications of quartz, scrutinizes the formation and separation mechanisms of impurities in quartz ores from a mineralogical perspective, examines the obstacles faced in quartz purification, explains the current state of development, and provides a technical summary of quartz purification. The analysis reveals that lattice impurity elements and various types of inclusion impurities are the principal factors affecting the purity of quartz. Various green separation techniques are applied based on the composition of the quartz minerals and the state of the impurities. Standard practices may involve physical pre-treatment such as scrubbing, ultrasonic crushing, and electromagnetic pulse cracking, followed by rough cleaning through color separation, superconducting high gradient magnetic separation, and flotation, and chemical pre-treatment (high-temperature or microwave roasting with chloride doping, and ammonium sulfate thermal crushing combined with water quenching to remove gas-liquid inclusions from quartz minerals). Finally, finishing processes such as fluorine-free and catalytic hot-pressure acid leaching or microbiological purification treatment with filamentous or Aspergillus fungi are used to obtain high-purity silica sand with an anticipated purity of about 99.99%.

The book will include contributions of the state of the art of quartz raw materials (deposits and properties) and their analytics. The chapters are presented by leading scientists in the quartz field. The presentations cover the main interrelations between genesis of quartz - formation of specific properties - analytics - industrial applications of SiO2 raw materials.

Peptide therapy has become a key strategy in innovative drug development, however, one of the potential barriers for the development of novel peptide drugs in the clinic is their deficiencies in clearly defined chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) strategy from clinical development to commercialization. CMC can often become a rate-limiting step due to lack of knowledge and lack of a formal policy or guidelines on CMC for peptide-based drugs. Regulators use a risk-based approach, reviewing applications on a case-by-case basis. Peptide Therapeutics: Strategy and Tactics for Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls covers efficient manufacturing of peptide drug substances, a review of the process for submitting applications to the regulatory authority for drug approval, a holistic approach for quality attributes and quality control from a regulatory perspective, emerging analytical tools for the characterisation of impurities, and the assessment of stability. This book is an essential reference work for students and researchers, in both academia and industry, with an interest in learning about CMC, and facilitating development and manufacture of peptide-based drugs.

Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.