The Theory of reasoned action explores the theory and emphirical reserach in to the factors which influence whether people engage in high-risk practices , with specific reference to AIDS education.

One of the more characteristic features of contemporary sociology is an increasing interest in theories. More and more theories are being developed in various areas of social investigation; we observe also an increasing number of verificational studies aimed primarily toward the verification of various theories. The essays presented in this volume deal with theories too, but they approach this problem from a methodological perspective. There fore it seems worthwhile in the preface to this volume to make a kind of general declaration about the author's aims and his approach to the subject of his interest, and about his view of the role of methodological reflection in the development of sciences. First let me say what methodology cannot do. It cannot be a substitute for the formulation of substantive theories, nor can it substitute for the empirical studies which confirm or reject such theories. Therefore its impact upon the development of any science, including the social sciences, is only indirect, by its undertaking the analysis of research tools and rules of scientific procedures. It can also propose certain standards for scientific procedures, but the application of these standards is the domain of substan tive researchers, and it is the substantive researchers who ultimately develop any science. Nevertheless the potential impact-of methodological reflection, even if only indirect, should not be underestimated.

Good quality assessment is instrumental in determining a student's future goal and career path, besides impacting all stakeholders of the school system. The overarching goal of ‘National Education Policy 2020’ is that of harnessing human resources (teacher and taught) to create value propositions (life skills, digital literacy and employment fitness). The Covid-19 Pandemic jump started the teaching community to use digital technology extensively, whether it was for teaching, assessment or evaluation. The process of measurement, evaluation and assessment is interlinked with curriculum and teaching-learning methods enabling learning outcomes to be determined. An effective school system cannot be built where the students are examined on the basis of mere paper and pencil tests. Today schools have access to the use of a range of techniques for student's assessment, teacher performance, school's effectiveness and the evaluation of the school system as a whole. The present edition encompasses traditional offline mode along with online and hybrid modes, thus providing an in-depth knowledge and understanding of measurement, evaluation and statistics in education. All the useful themes stay intact although they have been reorganized and simplified in places. The References at the end of each chapter have been updated. Technology has drastically changed our lives. Smartphones, cloud computing, social media and videoconferencing are but a few of the innovations which have contributed to the successful use of digital technology in teaching-learning. All educational institutions had to adopt hybrid/blended modes of teaching and learning. This necessitated a need for teachers to be trained in the use of digital platforms and online tools. Chapter 17 takes a look at selected tools currently in use in many schools and colleges. The book is intended for the students of B.Ed, M.Ed and M.A. (Education). The book will also prove to be of immense value to school administrators, counselors and all other stakeholders of education. NEW TO THE SECOND EDITION Use of digital technology in evaluation Select online assessment tools in trend and latest references Web resources

Written by two world-leading academics in the field of attitudes research, is a brand new textbook that gets to the very heart of this fascinating and far-reaching field. Greg Maio and Geoffrey Haddock describe how scientific methods have been used to better understand attitudes and how they change. With the aid of a few helpful metaphors, the text provides readers with a grasp of the fundamental concepts for understanding attitudes and an appreciation of the scientific challenges that lay ahead.

In this title, first published in 1996, the author uses the locus of control personality construct to show how workers who believe they can influence life events (internals) perceive and evaluate work conditions differently than workers who believe that life events are beyond their control (externals). The author also develops a social exchange model of quitting which takes advantage of the positive (job reward) and negative (job cost) qualities inherent in work conditions. Workers tend to quit their jobs when job costs outweigh job rewards when better alternatives exist. Moreover, personality interacts with employees’ evaluation of job costs and rewards and quitting behaviour. This book will be of interest to students of business studies and human resource management.