« Think about how we know about past events in human history (e.g., the expansion of the Roman Empire, or the American Revolution). What types of records document those events? Now think about Earth's history, specifically the past environmental or climatic conditions at times before recorded human history. What records might there be of such conditions? Make a list of your ideas. n assemblage of five major types of natural archives of Earth's environmental and climatic history. What common feature(s) do each of these paleoclimate archives share? an assemblage of 5 major types of natural records, or archives, of Earth's environmental and climatic history. Just like a diary or other historical document, the layers in these natural archives contain indirect evidence (i.e., proxies) about past conditions and events, recorded in a sequential order. The evidence is specific to a certain time period and may be general or very detailed, depending on the rate that information was recorded. The faster the rate at which the recorder grew (trees and corals), accumulated (snow and ice), or was deposited (sedimentary sequences), the more detailed the record is, and the higher its resolution. For example, a record in which an annual signal can observed has a very high resolution. In contrast, if the finest observable details are on the order of a million years, then that record would have a low resolution. »--

Applied Raptor Ecology provides raptor researchers with the blueprint to determine which questions should be asked, record consistent data usable by researchers worldwide, apply appropriate analysis of those data, and break down the obstacles to collaboration. Editors Dr. David Anderson and Dr. Christopher McClure of The Peregrine Fund and Dr. Alastair Franke of the Arctic Raptors Project recruited 13 raptor ecology experts from around the world to contribute chapters ranging in scope from terminology to systematic data management to home range estimation: examples of estimator effects. Anderson states, "This book is designed to be almost like a cookbook to enable readers to collect data in a standardized, well-organized manner and run analyses based on the questions they want to answer. The gyrfalcon is the species we chose as a case study to illustrate raptor biology techniques, but these methods and questions can be applied to almost any raptor species around the world."Applied Raptor Ecology is a valuable addition to the bookshelf of every biologist, whether in the field for many years or as an entry level graduate planning a thesis project. Additional features of this book include:* a companion website for users to download computer code to perform analyses in R that are adaptable to individual research needs and questions* a photographic and morphometric guide to aging Gyrfalcon nestlings* guidelines for conducting a camera study of nesting raptors

A first-of-its-kind resource, Raptors in Captivity is designed as a reader-friendly reference tool covering a wide range of topics from choosing a suitable species, to housing and transportation, diet, medical care, equipment, training. Raptors in Captivity is the recommended US Fish & Wildlife Service 'bible' for the care and keeping of raptors in captivity -- an incredible endorsement! If you're a zoo, rehab centre or a falconer, here are the guidelines for safely caring for raptors -- and complying with permits. A first-of-its-kind resource, Raptors in Captivity is designed as a reader-friendly reference tool covering a wide range of topics from making the decision to keep raptors and choosing suitable species, to housing and transportation, diet, medical care, equipment, training, and recovering a lost bird. From the novice to the experienced, this book provides everyone with the most current techniques -- drawn from a consortium of experts and not available in any other written form -- for successfully managing a variety of raptor species in captivity.

Raptors are an unusual success story of wildness thriving in the heart of our cities—they have developed substantial populations around the world in recent decades. But there are deeper issues around how these birds make their urban homes. New research provides insight into the role of raptors as vital members of the urban ecosystem and future opportunities for protection, management, and environmental education. A cutting-edge synthesis of over two decades of scientific research, Urban Raptors is the first book to offer a complete overview of urban ecosystems in the context of bird-of-prey ecology and conservation. This comprehensive volume examines urban environments, explains why some species adapt to urban areas but others do not, and introduces modern research tools to help in the study of urban raptors. It also delves into climate change adaptation, human-wildlife conflict, and the unique risks birds of prey face in urban areas before concluding with real-world wildlife management case studies and suggestions for future research and conservation efforts. Boal and Dykstra have compiled the go-to single source of information on urban birds of prey. Among researchers, urban green space planners, wildlife management agencies, birders, and informed citizens alike, Urban Raptors will foster a greater understanding of birds of prey and an increased willingness to accommodate them as important members, not intruders, of our cities.