The analyst should familiarize himself with the metals and alloys he expects to encounter including normal processing methods involved in fabricating the finished products. He should become familiar with the flow diagrams and procedures for determining constituent alloys in the various metal families listed in this publication. Normal cleaning processes must be observed on metals at test areas to remove dirt, grease, oxides, or metallic coatings such as nickel, zinc, tin, aluminum, etc., prior to performing a test. Cleaning solvents, files, or abrasives can be used as applicable. After properly cleaning the test area, the analyst should follow detailed instructions for each test relative to chemicals used, number of drops, and time allowed for each reaction. Procedures for determining constituent alloys in various metal families can be used independently of the flow diagrams; however, some tests on the flow diagrams refer the analyst to tests listed in the metal family procedures. Qualitative analysis can be performed on unknown metals and alloys by following the procedures for determining alloys in a given alloy family.

Many years have passed since the last edition of the present book was published. The discovery during this period of many new reagents has resulted in a vast accumulation of data on their application and made this completely revised edition necessary.Numerous new tests and various new chapters have been added. Chapters 3,4 and 5 of the fifth edition have been combined into one chapter, which is divided into sections devoted to the elements. These sections are arranged in alphabetical order to make for easier location of information on a given element. To further improve the usefulness of the volume, a reference list has been provided for each sub-section followed by a biography of the appropriate quantitative methods.

Human beings undoubtedly became aware of corrosion just after they made their first metals. These people probably began to control corrosion very so on after that by trying to keep metal away from corrosive environments. "Bring your tools in out of the rain" and "Clean the blood off your sword right after battle" would have been early maxims. Now that the mechanisms of corrosion are better understood, more techniques have been developed to control it. My corrosion experience extends over 10 years in industry and research and over 20 years teaching corrosion courses to university engineering students and industrial consulting. During that time I have developed an approach to corrosion that has successfully trained over 1500 engineers. This book treats corrosion and high-temperature oxidation separately. Corrosion is divided into three groups: (1) chemical dissolution including uniform attack, (2) electrochemical corrosion from either metallurgicalor environmental cells, and (3) corrosive-mechanical interactions. It seems more logical to group corrosion according to mechanisms than to arbitrarily separate them into 8 or 20 different types of corrosion as if they were unrelated. University students and industry personnel alike generally are afraid of chemistry and consequently approach corrosion theory very hesitantly. In this text the electrochemical reactions responsible for corrosion are summed up in only five simple half-cell reactions. When these are combined on a polarization diagram, which is explained in detail, the electrochemical pro cesses become obvious.