Resource added for the Psychology (includes Sociology) 108091 courses.

The binding persons of African descent and Native Americans trace back centuries. In Oklahoma, both free and enslaved Africans lived among the "Five Civilized Tribes" - the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole Nations. These tribes officially sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War. After that internecine conflict, the tribes-except for the Chickasaws-adopted their respective "Freedmen." The term Freedmen embraced both formerly-enslaved persons of African ancestry, and those free persons of African ancestry who lived among the tribes. In the modern era, the tribes who granted citizenship to hide their Freedmen have sought to disenfranchise them. Freedmen descendants-persons of African ancestry with blood, affinity, and/or treaty ties to the Five Civilized Tribes-still struggle for recognition and inclusion. The Freedmen debate rages in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, where legal battles in tribal and federal courts have waged, and a confrontation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs over the issue threatens tribal sovereignty. The Cherokee controversy is both illustrative and emblematic of larger questions about the intersection of race, Indian identity, and Native American sovereignty, Johnson traces historical relations between African-American and Native Americans, particularly in Oklahoma, "Indian Country." He examines some legal, political, economic, social and moral issues surrounding the present controversy over the tribal citizenship of the Freedmen. Wrestling with the issues surrounding Freedmen identity and rights will illuminate and advance the American dialogue on race and culture.

This book seeks to address a significant void in the scholarship on policing Native American communities. It is the first book to explore Native Americans' perspectives on the ways in which Native American communities--especially those in and around reservations--are both over-and underpoliced in ways that perpetuate both the criminalization and the victimization of Native Americans as nations and as individuals. Drawing upon a series of interviews conducted with 278 Native Americans from seven states, Policing Race and Place in Indian Country uncovers patterns of hate crime against Native Americans as well as a general dissatisfaction with the nature of law enforcement in their communities. Participants reported activities ranging from willful blindness to Native American victimization at one extreme, to overt forms of police harassment and violence at the other. What emerges from these descriptions is the recognition that the patterns observed by the participants of the study are an extension of a lengthy history of systemic racism against Native Americans. Policing Race and Place in Indian Country is one of the first books to address the policing of Native American communities. While there are several studies that investigate the racialized nature and context of policing, most only refer to Native Americans in passing. By focusing solely on the Native American community, the book is appealing to scholars writing on race and policing or criminal justice.

Analyzes American Indian education in the last century and compares the tribal, mission, and Bureau of Indian Affairs schools.

This book assesses the controversies over the Washington NFL team name as a window into other recent debates about the use of Native American mascots for professional and college sports teams. Fenelon explores the origin of team names in institutional racism and mainstream society’s denial of the impact of four centuries of colonial conquest. Fenelon’s analysis is supported by his surveys and interviews about the "Redskins" name and Cleveland "Indians" mascot "Chief Wahoo." A majority of Native peoples see these mascots as racist, including the National Congress of American Indians—even though mainstream media and public opinion claim otherwise. Historical analysis divulges these terms as outgrowths of "savage" and "enemy icon" racist depictions of Native nations. The book ties the history of conquest to idealized claims of democracy, freedom, and "honoring" sports teams.

"Two hundred and ten years into the constitutional existence of our federal republic, American Indians and non-Indians are still treated as if they were citizens of different countries. Thanks to Federal Indian Policy, the United States is not one country under one law but hundred of nations with a confusing array of laws, many of them based entirely on race. Since the early 1970s, there has been an organized movement to establish 'tribal sovereignty' and 'self-determination' for American Indian tribes. The goal: to distance two million Americans--Native Americans-- from the rest of the population and fragment the country along racial lines. Federal Indian Policy-- and an increasing number of lawsuits--is helping those behind this movement to reach their separatist goal, while activist courts rule in their favor and Congress looks the other way. Will the establishment of this unconstitutional, legalized racism continue unchallenged until it's too late?"--Back cover.

The story of American Indians is an arguably sad and tragic tale of the conquest, degradation, oppression and near extermination of the Native peoples of North America, all driven by a virulent and violent racism that courses through U.S. history. From slavery, genocide and removal from their traditional ecologies to incarceration on barren and isolated reservations, cultural annihilation, disease and despair, they have suffered much since the arrival of European colonists. And yet, they have endured and even triumphed, albeit in unexpected and surprising ways. In We Remain: Race, Racism and the Story of the American Indian, Keith Burich meets Native people where they live, sharing their narrative in a profoundly stirring way. An emeritus professor of history at Canisius College, Burich uses his experiences and observations to trace the poverty, deprivation, discrimination and inequities of the present to the racial hatred and violence that invaded North America in 1500. Having spent 25 years in Indian Country, he has seen the worst of the Indians' plight. Injustices notwithstanding, he has likewise witnessed firsthand the beauty, resilience, courage and compassion of America's First People. We Remain is a must-read for anyone who wants to better comprehend the power of the human spirit and the unique and tumultuous history of the United States.