Geography of Claudius Ptolemy, originally titled Geographia and written in the second century, is a depiction of the geography of the Roman Empire at the time. Though inaccurate due to Ptolemy's varying methods of measurement and use of outdated data, Geography of Claudius Ptolemy is nonetheless an excellent example of ancient geographical study and scientific method. This edition contains more than 40 maps and illustrations, reproduced based on Ptolemy's original manuscript. It remains a fascinating read for students of scientific history and Greek influence. CLAUDIUS PTOLEMY (A.D. 90- A.D. 168) was a poet, mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, and geographer who wrote in Greek, though he was a Roman citizen. He is most well-known for three scientific treatises he wrote on astronomy, astrology, and geography, respectively titled Almagest, Apotelesmatika, and Geographia. His work influenced early Islamic and European studies, which in turn influenced much of the modern world. Ptolemy died in Alexandria as a member of Greek society.

The map of the Holy Land reflects the religious and political outlook, as well as the scientific and aesthetic sensibilities, of the mapmakers and the society in which they lived. Thus, this 2001 Israel Museum exhibition- the first to bring together maps of the Holy Land from antiquity up until modern times- traced not only the history of cartography but also the development of religious, scientific and artistic thought over the last two millennia. The accompanying publication presents cartographic depictions by Jewish, Christian and Muslim pilgrims, scholars, clergymen, and scientists. These maps are remarkable not only for the religious and geopolitical world they draw, but also for their artistry and beauty.