Nine out of every ten medical students, residents, and fellows attempt to write a manuscript during their training. Yet, after finishing the training only 1 or 2 would continue to write scientific manuscripts due to the effort involved in preparing a manuscript. Most medical students, residents, fellows, and even junior faculty consider writing a scientific manuscript harder than working grueling hours on the clinical service. The manual of scientific manuscript writing was developed to guide for medical students, residents, fellows, and junior faculty by providing a step by step pathway for successful preparation of a manuscript. The manual is expected to reduce the usual 3 and 6 months (at times frustrating) effort to a 1 to 2 week streamlined process to complete a manuscript.

Reflects changes in the medical field since the late 1980s with additions on AIDS, psychopathology, emotion, nutrition, and suffering.

For Students, Scholars, Researchers, Investigators, Trainees and Scientists. "If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants." Isaac Newton. This book on research is an attempt to try to answer the basic fundamental questions that come to the minds of young students, researchers, scholars, investigators, trainees or scientists. It is an outcome of collaboration between 43 researchers from 11 different countries (Pakistan, India, United States, Iran, United Kingdom, Nepal, Canada, Greece, Poland, Japan and Australia): Achakzai AM, Afghan AK, Ahmed A, Ali D, Ans M, Asad RM, Ashfaq A, Butt NM, Farooq F, Fatima M, Gilani AI, Ibrahim M, Ishtiaq O, Janjua NZ, Kakisi O, Kasi PM, Kassi M, Kassi M, Khan SF, Khawar T, Kiani J, Kulkarni HS, Majeed A, Naqvi HA, Nawaz H, Oberoi DV, Qureshi SA, Rai AS, Rathore FA, Rehman R, Sabri AA, Saeed F, Shah M, Shankar R, Sharma A, Sherjeel SA, Shoraneh F, Siddiqui S, Syed FK, Szlufic S, Yaqoob N, Zafar A, Zaidi AH Although there is a lot of literature available to answer the queries that come to the mind of a young investigator, the language is often too complex and difficult to understand and thus, aversive. Some of these teaching materials sound more like experts talking to each other. This book would act as a catalyst in providing useful reviews and guidance related to different aspects of research for students who need to be inducted and recognized as an integral part of the research community. We hope researchers benefit from this endeavor of ours. E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.PromotingResearch.com

Why medicine adopts ineffective or harmful medical practices only to abandon them—sometimes too late. Medications such as Vioxx and procedures such as vertebroplasty for back pain are among the medical "advances" that turned out to be dangerous or useless. What Dr. Vinayak K. Prasad and Dr. Adam S. Cifu call medical reversal happens when doctors start using a medication, procedure, or diagnostic tool without a robust evidence base—and then stop using it when it is found not to help, or even to harm, patients. In Ending Medical Reversal, Drs. Prasad and Cifu narrate fascinating stories from every corner of medicine to explore why medical reversals occur, how they are harmful, and what can be done to avoid them. They explore the difference between medical innovations that improve care and those that only appear to be promising. They also outline a comprehensive plan to reform medical education, research funding and protocols, and the process for approving new drugs that will ensure that more of what gets done in doctors' offices and hospitals is truly effective.