The title of this study “History in the text” is an oxymoronic phrase, and by this, the main focus of the book is clear immediately. On the other hand, there still remains the question to what extent text and history are comparable. The author of this volume tries to answer this by discussing the famous novel of Victor Hugo Quatrevingt-Treize against the background of the French Revolution.

Quatrevingt-Treize by Victor Hugo

Ninety-Three (Quatrevingt-treize) is the last novel by the French writer Victor Hugo. Published in 1874, shortly after the bloody upheaval of the Paris Commune, the novel concerns the Revolt in the Vendée and Chouannerie - the counter-revolutionary revolts in 1793 during the French Revolution. It is divided into three parts, but not chronologically; each part tells a different story, offering a different view of historical general events. The action mainly takes place in Brittany and in Paris. Ayn Rand greatly praised this book (and Hugo's writing in general), acknowledged it as a source of inspiration, and even wrote an introduction to one of its English-language editions.

Ninety-Three (1874) is the final novel of Victor Hugo. As a work of historical fiction, the story is set during the period of conflict between the newly formed French Republic and the Royalists who sought to reverse the gains of the revolution. Praised for its morality and honest depiction of the horrors of war, Ninety-Three influenced such wide-ranging political thinkers as Joseph Stalin and Ayn Rand. “The soldiers forced cautiously. Everything was in full bloom; they were surrounded by a quivering wall of branches, whose leaves diffused a delicious freshness. Here and there sunbeams pierced these green shades.” Advancing through the countryside, a band of Republican soldiers discovers a family of refugees, a mother and two children who fled for their lives during the insurrection of Royalists in Brittany. Taken in, they are swept up in an attack by the merciless Marquis de Lantenac, a counterrevolutionary leader who has just landed with a unit of Royalist troops. Separated from her children, Michelle is protected by a local beggar who hides her from Lantenac and his men. Meanwhile, Robespierre, Marat, and Danton have sent Commander Gauvain from Paris to stamp out the Royalist threat in Brittany, knowing all too well that Lantenac is his distant relative. As families are torn apart in the name of political struggle, as mercy gives way to death and betrayal, Hugo examines the human cost of war without losing sight of the gravity of the historical moment. With a beautifully designed cover and professionally typeset manuscript, this edition of Victor Hugo’s Ninety-Three is a classic work of French literature reimagined for modern readers.

Quatrevingt-Treize par Victor Hugo Explorez les tumultes de la révolution française dans "Quatrevingt-Treize" de Victor Hugo, un chef-d'œuvre littéraire qui plonge au cœur des événements historiques les plus tumultueux de la France. Dans ce roman captivant, Hugo tisse une toile d'intrigues et de conflits alors que la Révolution française atteint son apogée. Suivez les destins entrelacés de trois hommes - le royaliste, le républicain et le révolutionnaire - alors qu'ils se battent pour leurs convictions dans un pays déchiré par la guerre civile et la passion politique. Les lecteurs seront transportés dans les rues de Paris, témoins des combats désespérés, des sacrifices héroïques et des dilemmes moraux déchirants qui ont marqué cette période tumultueuse de l'histoire française. Avec son style lyrique et sa profonde compréhension de la nature humaine, Hugo offre une réflexion poignante sur les idéaux de liberté, d'égalité et de fraternité. Plongez dans ce roman épique qui capture l'essence de la révolution française et offre une exploration captivante des dilemmes éthiques et des choix difficiles auxquels sont confrontés ceux qui cherchent à changer le cours de l'histoire.