Employees have personal responsibilities as well as responsibilities to their employers. They also have rights. In order to maintain their well-being, employees need opportunities to resolve conflicting obligations. Employees are often torn between the ethical obligations to fulfill both their work and non-work roles, to respect and be respected by their employers and coworkers, to be responsible to the organization while the organization is reciprocally responsible to them, to be afforded some degree of autonomy at work while attending to collaborative goals, to work within a climate of mutual employee-management trust, and to voice opinions about work policies, processes and conditions without fear of retribution. Humanistic organizations can recognize conflicts created by the work environment and provide opportunities to resolve or minimize them. This handbook empirically documents the dilemmas that result from responsibility-based conflicts. The book is organized by sources of dilemmas that fall into three major categories: individual, organizational (internal policies and procedures), and cultural (social forces external to the organization), including an introduction and a final integration of the many ways in which organizations can contribute to positive employee health and well-being. This book is aimed at both academicians and practitioners who are interested in how interventions that stem from industrial and organizational psychology may address ethical dilemmas commonly faced by employees.

This book was developed for the 2005 International Stress Management Association Conference in Brazil. The original book was recently published in Portuguese, but because of the popularity of the topics and the world-renowned stress scholars who contributed chapters, we are very pleased to have the opportunity to publish this work in English. A book on the subject is intended to be an additional tool containing information on stress and ways of dealing with pressures and demands, because we know that the level of stress will continue to increase. We believe that only through information—and here you will be able to find the experience and opinion of some of the greatest and best professionals of the world in this field—people will manage to live better and more balanced lives. This is what ISMA-BR wishes and hopes for. Have a good reading. This volume provides a series of comprehensive summaries of what is now a fast-growing literature aimed at understanding the causes, effects, and prevention of stress in the workplace. It begins with three chapters on different sources of stress at work, ranging from organizational factors to attributes of workers themselves.

The book Quality of Work Life: A Comprehensive Study is written in the context of changing and emerging workplace realities. More than a decade has passed since the phrase “quality of work life” (QWL) was first introduced. During this period, QWL has been the subject of many academic papers, experiments in different settings and, recently, increased interest among managers and the popular press. This book also presents the new reality that QWL is the shared responsibility, not only for the management and workers but also the union leaders, government officials and behavioral scientists. QWL must change continually and go forward from initial problem solving to an actual partnership between management and workers. The content and the elements of the book would encourage the students to relate their own knowledge and experiences to the text.

Work-related stress is costly not only to employees, but also to organizations and society. For example, it is estimated that work-related stress, depression, and anxiety costs British employers £1,035 per employee and that workplace stress costs the US economy up to $300 billion annually. However, elevated levels of stress often cannot be changed, and, if demands were not placed on employees, employee learning, organizational innovation, and societal economic growth would be hindered. Consequently, it is vital that occupational health practitioners, employees, employers and researchers strive to better understand and manage workplace stress, such that employee health and well-being can be improved. This book can assist organizations and individuals as they encounter workplace stress. This edition highlights research done by 25 authors across 12 chapters that challenges how work stress is viewed and assessed. Additionally, a number of social and psychological influences on the stress experience are examined. Our beliefs and expectations of stress and its results, whether helpful or hurtful, can have a profound influence on our stress experiences. Also, the way that we approach our work (e.g., job crafting) or the treatment we receive from others (e.g., with dignity) can either mitigate or exacerbate any harmful or beneficial effects of stress. Moreover, how we assess the psychological (e.g., burnout and well-being) or physiological (e.g., cortisol) outcomes of stress are meaningful, and the proper diagnosis of stress (e.g., stress surveys) underlies our understanding. We hope that the findings reported in these chapters and the insights of these scholars will provide ways for you and/or your organization to improve the health and well-being of employees.

1.1 PREFACE : An organization, whether a business or an Industrial enterprise needs money, material, machinery and men for its survival and growth. The success or failure of an organization depends upon the effective combination of these factors. However, the management of ‘men’ means the employees of the organization. Their contribution towards organizational goal is well known to all, since pre-historic time to the most recent time. Whenever we talk about effectiveness and efficiency of an organization, we have to take a serious cognizance of employees as a major determining factor. Organizational effectiveness is critically dependant on how it attracts, recruits motivates and retains its work force. Today’s organizations need to be more flexible so that they are equipped to develop their workforce and enjoy their commitment. If we want an employee’s maximum contribution to work, he/she should be provided such a work environment where he/she will have a strong desire to work. The satisfied, happy and hard working employee is the biggest asset of any organization. The work force of any organization is responsible to a large extent for its productivity and profitability. The work environment has important bearing on the efficiency and satisfaction of the employees. A safe work environment provides the basis for a person to enjoy working. The work should not pose a health hazard for the person. Work performance is constantly affected by physical and psychological conditions of work. It is now increasingly realized that many work behavioural problems associated with performance, moral, absenteeism etc. can be solved with increasing awareness of improving the total work environment.